Electromagnetic actuator

1. An electromagnetic actuator for a haptic display, the actuator comprising:

a first, movable permanent magnetic element, the first magnetic element comprising a first latching layer facing side, a second latching layer facing side substantially opposite to the first latching layer facing side, and at least one lateral face between the first latching layer facing side and the second latching layer facing side;

a shielding element for shielding laterally the first magnetic element to confine a magnetic field generated by the first magnetic element, the first magnetic element and the shielding element being located concentrically with respect to each other;

a first actuation inductor facing the first latching layer facing side for actuating the first magnetic element and arranged to displace the first magnetic element from a first position, referred to hereinafter as a first latching position, to a second position, referred to hereinafter as a second latching position, or vice versa;

a first latching layer facing the first latching layer facing side and arranged to attract the first magnetic element for obtaining the first latching position of the first magnetic element; and

a second latching layer facing the second latching layer facing side and arranged to attract the first magnetic element for obtaining the second latching position of the first magnetic element, different from the first latching position,

wherein the shielding element is arranged to move together with the first magnetic element when the first magnetic element is actuated.

2. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator further comprises a second actuation inductor facing the second latching layer facing side for actuating the first magnetic element and arranged to displace the first magnetic element from the first latching position to the second latching position, or vice versa.

3. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 2 , wherein the first actuation inductor is located in a first circuit board located between the first magnetic element and the first latching layer, while the second actuation inductor is located in a second circuit board located between the first magnetic element and the second latching layer.

4. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second actuator inductors are planar single layer or multilayer coils.

5. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the shielding element comprises soft magnetic material and is located laterally around the first magnetic element.

6. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein shielding element comprises a permanent magnet and is located laterally around the first magnetic element, and wherein the first magnetic element and the shielding element have opposite magnetic polarizations.

7. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the shielding element comprises soft magnetic material and is arranged to be laterally enclosed by the first magnetic element.

8. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the first latching layer and/or the second latching layer comprise(s) soft magnetic material or permanent magnetic material.

9. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the height of the first magnetic element is substantially the same as the height of the shielding element.

10. An electromagnetic actuator system comprising the electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 and further comprising a pin connected to the first magnetic element and arranged to be displaced by the first magnetic element when the first magnetic element is actuated such that the pin is arranged to protrude from a surface to allow it to be tactually sensed by a user of the system.

11. The electromagnetic actuator system according to claim 10 , wherein the system further comprises a sensor for measuring an input from the user when the user is urging the pin.

12. A haptic display comprising:

the electromagnetic actuator system according to claim 10 ; and

an array of said electromagnetic actuators.

13. A method of operating the electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:

feeding a current pulse through the first actuation inductor for displacing the first magnetic element from the first latching position to the second latching position or vice versa; and

cutting off the current consumption for a latching duration when the first magnetic element has reached the first or second latching position.