Multilayer films and methods of making the same
Disclosed are multilayer films which can provide desired film performance and balanced overall performance suited for various applications.
1. A multilayer film, comprising two outer layers, a core layer between the two outer layers, and two inner layers each between the core layer and each outer layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers has a density within about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than or equal to that of the core layer, and about 0.015 to about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than that of the outer layer on the same side of the core layer; wherein the core layer has a density no lower than that of each of the outer layers;
wherein the core layer comprises a first polyethylene derived from ethylene and one or more C 3 to C 20 α-olefin comonomers, wherein the first polyethylene has a density of from about 0.900 to about 0.945 g/cm 3 , a melt index (MI), I 2.16 , of from about 0.1 to about 15 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of from about 1.5 to about 5.5, and a melt index ratio (MIR), I 21.6 /I 2.16 , of from about 10 to about 100; and
wherein the multilayer film has at least one of the following properties: (i) a bending stiffness factor of at most about 50% higher; (ii) a tear resistance of at most about 15% higher in the Machine Direction (MD); and (iii) a dart impact of at most about 40% higher, each as compared to that of a comparative three-layer film having two outer layers and a core layer between the two outer layers, the same total thickness as that of the multilayer film, the same composition of each of the two outer layers as that of the multilayer film, a maximum thickness of the core layer equal to a total thickness of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film, and a maximum density of the core layer equal to compound density of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film.
2. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer film further has at least one of the following properties: (i) a 1% Secant Modulus of at most about 30% higher in MD and of at most about 30% higher in Transverse Direction (TD); (ii) a 10% offset yield stress of at most about 15% higher in MD; (iii) a yield stress of at most about 20% higher in TD; and (iv) a gloss of at most about 15% higher, each as compared to that of the comparative three-layer film.
3. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner layers has a density of about 0.915 to about 0.965 g/cm 3 .
4. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the first polyethylene is present in an amount of 100 wt %, based on total weight of polymer in the core layer.
5. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner layers comprises a second polyethylene having a density of at least about 0.940 g/cm 3 .
6. The multilayer film of claim 5 , wherein the second polyethylene is present in an amount of at least about 40 wt %, based on total weight of polymer in the inner layer.
7. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner layers further comprises a fourth polyethylene.
8. The multilayer film of claim 7 , wherein the fourth polyethylene has a density of about 0.900 to about 0.945 g/cm 3 , a melt index (MI), I 2.16 , of about 0.1 to about 15 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of about 1.5 to about 5.5, and a melt index ratio (MIR), I 21.6 /I 2.16 , of about 10 to about 100.
9. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the outer layers further comprises a fifth polyethylene.
10. The multilayer film of claim 9 , wherein the fifth polyethylene is LDPE.
11. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the two outer layers have a total thickness of at most about 60% of the total thickness of the multilayer film.
12. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the two outer layers are identical.
13. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the two inner layers have a total thickness of at most about two thirds of the total thickness of the multilayer film.
14. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the two inner layers are identical.
15. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer film has a total thickness of about 15 to about 250 μm.
16. The multilayer film of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer film has five layers.
17. A multilayer film, comprising two outer layers, a core layer between the two outer layers, and two inner layers each between the core layer and each outer layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers has a density within about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than or equal to that of the core layer, and about 0.015 to about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than that of the outer layer on the same side of the core layer; wherein the core layer has a density no lower than that of each of the outer layers;
wherein at least one of the outer layers comprises a polyethylene derived from ethylene and one or more C 3 to C 20 α-olefin comonomers, wherein the polyethylene has a density of about 0.900 to about 0.945 g/cm 3 , a melt index (MI), I 2.16 , of about 0.1 to about 15 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of about 1.5 to about 5.5, and a melt index ratio (MIR), I 21.6 /I 2.16 , of about 10 to about 100; and
wherein the multilayer film has at least one of the following properties: (i) a bending stiffness factor of at most about 50% higher; (ii) a tear resistance of at most about 15% higher in the Machine Direction (MD); and (iii) a dart impact of at most about 40% higher, each as compared to that of a comparative three-layer film having two outer layers and a core layer between the two outer layers, the same total thickness as that of the multilayer film, the same composition of each of the two outer layers as that of the multilayer film, a maximum thickness of the core layer equal to a total thickness of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film, and a maximum density of the core layer equal to compound density of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film.
18. The multilayer film of claim 17 , wherein the polyethylene is present in an amount of at least about 90 wt %, based on total weight of polymer in the outer layer.
19. A five-layer film, comprising two outer layers, a core layer between the two outer layers, and two inner layers each between the core layer and each outer layer, wherein each of the inner layers has a density within about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than or equal to that of the core layer, and about 0.015 to about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than that of the outer layer on the same side of the core layer; wherein the core layer has a density no lower than that of each of the outer layers;
wherein (a) the core layer comprises 100 wt % of a first polyethylene derived from ethylene and one or more C 3 to C 20 α-olefin comonomers, based on total weight of polymer in the core layer, wherein the first polyethylene has a density of about 0.900 to about 0.945 g/cm 3 , a melt index (MI), I 2.16 , of about 0.1 to about 15, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of about 1.5 to about 5.5, and a melt index ratio (MIR), I 21.6 /I 2.16 , of about 10 to about 25;
(b) each of the inner layers comprises at least about 40 wt % of a second polyethylene having a density of more than 0.940 g/cm 3 , based on total weight of polymer in each of the inner layers;
(c) each of the outer layers comprises at least about 90 wt % of the first polyethylene, based on total weight of polymer in each of the two outer layers;
wherein the five-layer film has at least one of the following properties: (i) a bending stiffness factor of at most about 50% higher; (ii) a tear resistance of at most about 15% higher in MD; and (iii) a dart impact of at most about 40% higher, each as compared to that of a comparative three-layer film having two outer layers and a core layer between the two outer layers, the same total thickness as that of the five-layer film, the same composition of each of the two outer layers as that of the five-layer film, a maximum thickness of the core layer equal to a total thickness of the two inner layers and the core layer of the five-layer film, and a maximum density of the core layer equal to compound density of the two inner layers and the core layer of the five-layer film.
20. The five-layer film of claim 19 , wherein the five-layer film further has at least one of the following properties: (i) a 1% Secant Modulus of at most about 30% higher in MD and of at most about 30% higher in TD; (ii) a 10% offset yield stress of at most about 15% higher in MD; (iii) a yield stress of at most about 20% higher in TD; and (iv) a gloss of at most about 15% higher, each as compared to that of the comparative three-layer film.
21. The five-layer film of claim 19 , wherein the five-layer film has a thickness of about 45 to 50 μm.
22. The five-layer film of claim 19 , wherein the two outer layers have a total thickness of at most about 60% of the total thickness of the five-layer film and the two inner layers have a total thickness of at most about two thirds of the total thickness of the five-layer film.
23. A method for making a multilayer film, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing two outer layers, a core layer between the two outer layers, and two inner layers each between the core layer and each outer layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers has a density within about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than or equal to that of the core layer, and about 0.015 to about 0.065 g/cm 3 higher than that of the outer layer on the same side of the core layer; wherein the core layer has a density no lower than that of each of the outer layers; and
(b) forming a multilayer film comprising the layers in step (a);
wherein the multilayer film has at least one of the following properties: (i) a bending stiffness factor of at most about 50% higher; (ii) a tear resistance of at most about 15% higher in MD; and (iii) a dart impact of at most about 40% higher, each as compared to that of a comparative three-layer film having two outer layers and a core layer between the two outer layers, the same total thickness as that of the multilayer film, the same composition of each of the two outer layers as that of the multilayer film, a maximum thickness of the core layer equal to a total thickness of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film, and a maximum density of the core layer equal to compound density of the two inner layers and the core layer of the multilayer film.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the multilayer film in step (b) is formed by blown extrusion, cast extrusion, co-extrusion, blow molding, casting, or extrusion blow molding.