Electrically driven machine with reverse power storage
The invention generally relates to a machine with an electric drive and an energy storage system for the intermediate storage of recovered energy. The invention relates in particular to machines that function statically or quasi-statically with a primary electric drive and a secondary hydraulic drive that function in cyclical movements, such as in the form of a material-transferring device like an excavator or crane, having an electric drive with at least one electric motor for driving the drive train of the machine and with an energy storage system for the intermediate storage of reverse power released during towing and/or braking operation and transferred from the drive train to the electric motor. The invention also further relates to a method for operating a machine with an electric drive, in which energy recovered during a towing or braking operation is used to compensate for system losses or is stored temporarily. It is proposed that at least most of the energy transferred from the drive train back to the electric motor not be converted into electric energy, but rather that it be stored in the form of kinematic energy and that, to this end, the electric motor be put into a state with regard to its electromagnetic resistance and/or its torsional or drag torque in which the drag resistance or the electromagnetic torque of the motor is largely eliminated or at least significantly reduced relative to regular motor and/or generator operation.
1. A method for operating a material-transferring device comprising an electric drive with at least one electric motor for driving a drive train, comprising:
controlling an electromagnetic torsional or drag torque of the electric motor as a function of speed;
setting the electromagnetic torsional or drag torque of the electric motor to zero in a storage device speed range above a nominal operating speed (n Nenn ), wherein a motor control device keeps the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque at zero in the storage device speed range both in a towing and/or braking operation mode, in which there is a power flow from the drive train to the electric motor, and in a working mode, in which there is a power flow from the electric motor to a power train;
deactivating the electric motor to have zero electromagnetic resistance and zero electromagnetic torque when the electric motor rotates at an overspeed above the nominal operating speed, deactivating the electric motor independent of power flow, and rotating the electric motor at the overspeed without generating electromagnetic torque when the electric motor is deactivated; and
immediately storing recovered energy that is recovered in the towing and/or braking operation and transferred from the drive train to the electric motor, wherein the electric motor is used as a flywheel storage system for the intermediate storage of the recovered energy when the electric motor is in the storage device speed range.
2. A material-transferring device that functions in cyclical movements, comprising:
an electric drive having at least one electric motor for driving a drive train of the device and with an energy storage system for the intermediate storage of recovered energy that is recovered in a towing and/or braking operation mode and transferred from the drive train to the electric motor; and
a motor control device for controlling the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque of the electric motor as a function of a motor speed, and wherein the motor control device is configured so the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque is set to 0 in a storage device speed range above a nominal operating speed (n Nenn ), wherein the motor control device keeps the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque at zero in the storage device speed range both in the towing and/or braking operation mode, in which there is a power flow from the drive train to the electric motor, and in a working mode, in which there is a power flow from the electric motor to a power train, wherein when the electric motor rotates at an overspeed above the nominal operating speed, the electric motor is deactivated independent of power flow to have no electromagnetic resistance and no electromagnetic torque, wherein when the electric motor rotates an the overspeed, the electric motor rotates without generating electromagnetic torque; and
wherein the energy storage system has a flywheel storage system formed by the electric motor when the electric motor is in the storage device speed range.
3. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the electric drive is connected with a hydraulic drive, which comprises at least one hydraulic converter that can be driven by the electric motor.
4. The material-transferring device of claim 3 , wherein the flywheel storage system is formed by a rotor of the electric motor and/or the energy storage system is fully integrated into the electric motor.
5. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the flywheel storage system is formed by a rotor of the electric motor and/or the energy storage system is fully integrated into the electric motor.
6. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the electric motor is dimensioned with regard to a rotational inertia of its rotor and with regard to the rotation speed range between the nominal operating speed (n Nenn ) and a maximum allowable speed (n Max ) in such a way that the maximum recovered energy that occurs during normal use of the machine can be stored intermediately entirely in the form of kinetic energy in the electric motor.
7. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the storage device speed range is upwardly limited to a maximum allowable speed (n Max ), and the motor control device sets the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque of the electric motor to a braking torque in a braking speed range above the storage device speed range.
8. The material-transferring device of claim 7 , wherein the motor control device sets the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque of the electric motor to a braking torque in a braking speed range above the maximum allowable speed (n Max ).
9. The material-transferring device of claim 8 , wherein the motor control device is associated with an electronic braking power switch and/or a braking resistor to dissipate the electrical energy generated by the electric motor in the braking speed range.
10. The material-transferring device of claim 9 , wherein the electronic braking power switch comprises a braking chopper.
11. The material-transferring device of claim 7 , wherein the motor control device is associated with an electronic braking power switch and/or a braking resistor to dissipate the electrical energy generated by the electric motor in the braking speed range.
12. The material-transferring device of claim 11 , wherein the electronic braking power switch comprises a braking chopper.
13. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the motor control device is configured to prevent recovery of electrical energy into a supply network to which the electric motor is connected.
14. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , further comprising a speed detection device for the detection of the rotary speed of the electric motor and/or of a drive train and/or of a working unit connected to the drive train, and wherein the motor control device is configured to control the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque of the electric motor in response to a signal from the speed detection device.
15. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the motor control device comprises a frequency inverter to actuate the electric motor and/or to control the electromagnetic torsional and/or drag torque of electric motor.
16. The material-transferring device of claim 2 , wherein the material-transferring device comprises an excavator or a crane.