Methods of making polymers using isosorbide
The present invention is based, in part, on the discovery that the polymeric materials described herein produce polyurethane copolymers with advantageous optical properties. In particular embodiments, polyurethane copolymers comprise repeating units of isosorbide and a difunctional linker where the difunctional linkers can be diisocyanate, dithiocyanate, dicarboxylic acid, and other monomers. Some of the advantageous optical properties of these polymeric materials include a refractive index of about 1.5 and an Abbe value of at least about 50. Also described are methods for producing these polyurethane copolymers.
1. A polyurethane copolymer comprising a repeating unit of Formula I:
wherein:
ISO in each repeating unit is independently selected from isosorbide or a stereoisomer thereof; and
X in each repeating unit is an independently selected difunctional linker,
wherein the difunctional linker is a diisothiocyanate, wherein the diisothiocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 4, 4′-methylenebis(cyclohexylisothiocyanate), methylenebis(phenyl isothiocyanate), hexamethylene diisothiocyanate, isophorone diisothiocyanate, cyclohexane diisothiocyanate, butane diisothiocyanate, and 1,3-bis(isothiocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, and
wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a refractive index of at least about 1.5 and an Abbe value of at least about 50.
2. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the stereoisomer is selected from the group consisting of isomannide and isoidide.
3. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a light transmittance of at least about 80%.
4. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a yellow index of lower than about 10.
5. An isosorbide adduct of Formula II:
wherein:
ISO is independently selected from isosorbide or a stereoisomer thereof; and
Y is a difunctional linker selected from the group of a dithiocarboxylic acid, a carbonate, and a thiocarbonate, a difunctional compound comprising carboxylic acid and thiocarboxylic acid functional groups; wherein the dithiocarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of succinthioic acid, 3,3′-disulfanediyldipropanthioic acid, 2,2′-disulfanediyldiethanthioic acid, and 4,4′-disulfanediyldibutanthioic acid.
6. The isosorbide adduct of claim 5 , wherein the stereoisomer is selected from the group consisting of isomannide and isoidide.
7. The isosorbide adduct of claim 5 , wherein the difunctional compound is selected from the group consisting of 4-((3-thiocarboxypropyl)disulfanyl)butanoic acid, 3-((2-thiocarboxyethyl)disulfanyl)propionic acid, 2-((thiocarboxymethyl)disulfanyl)acetic acid, 4-hydroxy-4-thioxobutanoic acid.
8. The isosorbide adduct of claim 5 , wherein the carbonate is diphenyl carbonate.
9. A polyurethane copolymer comprising:
one or more isosorbide adducts of claim 5 ; and
one or more diisothiocyanate linker, wherein the diisothiocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 4, 4′-methylenebis(cyclohexylisothiocyanate), methylenebis(phenyl isothiocyanate), hexamethylene diisothiocyanate, isophorone diisothiocyanate, cyclohexane diisothiocyanate, butane diisothiocyanate, 1,3-bis(isothiocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, and combinations thereof.
10. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 9 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a refractive index of at least about 1.5.
11. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 9 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has an Abbe value of at least about 50.
12. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 9 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a light transmittance of at least about 80%.
13. The polyurethane copolymer of claim 9 , wherein the polyurethane copolymer has a yellow index of lower than about 10.