CXCR4 and ROBO1 expression as markers for autoimmune diabetes
CXCR4 and ROBO-1 are biomarkers associated with type 1 diabetes. Expression of CXCR4 and ROBO-1 in peripheral CD3 T cells is substantially higher in patients with autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes) than in non-diabetic patients. Therapies are disclosed for reducing the progression of type 1 diabetes, and to reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in patients who are at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
1. A method for treating one of insulitis and autoimmune diabetes in a vertebrate patient in need thereof, said method comprising the steps of:
assaying CD3 T cells from the patient for a level of expression of a marker, where the marker is one of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), roundabout axon guidance receptor homolog 1 (ROBO1), and both CXCR4 and ROBO1;
conducting the assay by one of
detecting whether CXCR4 is present in the CD3 T cells sample by contacting the CD3 T cells sample with an anti-CXCR4-1 antibody and detecting binding between anti-CXCR4 antibody and
detecting whether ROBO1 is present in the CD3 T cells sample by contacting the CD3 T cells sample with an anti-ROBO1 antibody and detecting binding between anti-ROBO1 antibody;
comparing the patient marker expression level with a mean marker level for non-diabetic, conspecific individuals;
identifying the patient as having autoimmune diabetes or insulitis when the marker expression level is higher than the non-diabetic mean level at a significance level of p<0.05; and
administering a therapeutic for autoimmune diabetes or insulitis to the patient when the patient is thus identified as having autoimmune diabetes or insulitis;
wherein the therapeutic includes an SDF-1 agonist.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marker is CXCR4.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marker is ROBO1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marker is both CXCR4 and ROBO1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CD3 T cells are peripheral CD3 T cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said marker is one of CXCR4 protein, ROBO1 protein, and both CXCR4 protein and ROBO1 protein.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marker is one of CXCR4 mRNA, ROBO1 mRNA, and both CXCR4 mRNA and ROBO1 mRNA.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of assaying at least one additional biomarker associated with one of insulitis and autoimmune diabetes, wherein the at least one additional biomarker does not include CXCR4 and ROBO1.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of assaying patient T cells for the marker expression level on at least one additional date to monitor a temporal progression of autoimmune diabetes.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of assaying CD4 T cells from a patient for levels of expression of the marker.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of assaying CD8 T cells from a patient for levels of expression of the marker.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of identifying a disease duration based on levels of ROBO1 and CXCR4.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of identifying a disease duration based on levels of ROBO1.
14. A method for treating one of insulitis and autoimmune diabetes in a vertebrate patient in need thereof, said method comprising the steps of:
assaying T cells from the patient for a level of expression of a marker, where the marker is one of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), roundabout axon guidance receptor homolog 1 (ROBO1), and both CXCR4 and ROBO1;
comparing the patient marker expression level with a mean marker level for non-diabetic, conspecific individuals;
identifying the patient as having autoimmune diabetes or insulitis when the marker expression level is at least twice as high as a non-diabetic mean level; and
administering a therapeutic for autoimmune diabetes or insulitis to the patient when the patient is thus identified as having autoimmune diabetes or insulitus;
wherein the therapeutic includes an SDF-1 agonist.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the SDF-1 agonist is CTCE-0214.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the marker is CXCR4.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the marker is ROBO1.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the marker is both CXCR4 and ROBO1.