Lactose-removing milk process for lactose-free milk production
The present invention relates to dairy and milk treatment industries for obtaining lactose-free milk and assessment of byproduct in particular, particularly to milk treatment industry through different separation means such as micro and nanofiltration equipment. One of the purposes of this invention is to provide a delactosed or lactose-free milk with sensory profile equivalent to a normal pasteurized milk using essential separation steps to reduce product costs. Another purpose of this invention is to determine the effect of milk natural components concentration on organoleptic properties to achieve the first purpose of this invention. Another purpose is to determine percentage between retentate and permeate to get a sensory profile equivalent to a normal pasteurized milk.
1. A lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w, comprising
standardizing semi-skim milk to 1.4 to 2.2% w/w of fat content;
subjecting the semi-skim milk to an ultrafiltration UF step to produce an UF permeate and an UF retentate,
subjecting the UF permeate to a diafilteration step and a nanofiltration NF step to produce a NF permeate diafiltered and a NF retentate diafiltered, which is maintained in a concentration of from 9 to 13 degrees Bx, while the diafilteration step is performed, until recovering the same volume of UF permeate;
mixing the NF permeate diafiltered with the UF retentate to reconstitute the milk, achieving a desired lactose, lipid and protein content;
subjecting the reconstituted milk to an UHT process;
enzymatically hydrolyzing remaining lactose in the reconstituted milk from the UHT process, and
packaging the reconstituted and enzymatically hydrolyzed milk;
wherein the reconstituted milk having been subjected to the UHT process and to the enzymatically hydrolyzing has a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w.
2. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofiltration retentate maintains a retentate concentration 10 to 13° Bx while the diafiltration process is performed.
3. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the UF and NF steps remove from 35 to 40% by weight of lactose.
4. The lactose-removing milk process production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the UF permeate and the UF retentate in the UF step are: from 55 to 63% by weight of UF retentate and from 37 to 45% by weight of UF permeate.
5. The lactose-removing milk process production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w production according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the NF permeate and the NF retentate in the NF step are from 30 to 38% by weight of NF retentate and from 62 to 70% by weight of NF permeate.
6. The lactose-removing milk process production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofiltration retentate diafiltered maintains a retentate concentration from 11 to 13° Bx while the diafiltration process is performed.
7. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofiltration retentate diafiltered maintains a retentate concentration from 12 to 13° Bx while the diafiltration process is performed.
8. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.8% and 3.4% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the reconstituted milk has a content from 2.8 to 3.4% w/w of lactose.
9. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.9% and 3.3% w/w to claim 1 , wherein the reconstituted milk has a content from 2.9 to 3.3% w/w of lactose.
10. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 3.0% and 3.2% w/w to claim 1 , wherein the reconstituted milk has a content from 3.0 to 3.2% w/w of lactose.
11. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w, according to claim 1 , wherein the semi-skim milk is standardized to 1.4% by weight of fat content.
12. The lactose-removing milk process for lactose-free milk according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the UF permeate and the UF retentate in the UF step are: from 56 to 62% by weight of UF retentate and from 38 to 44% by weight of UF permeate.
13. The lactose-removing milk process production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the UF permeate and the UF retentate in the UF step are: from 57 to 61% by weight of UF retentate and from 39 to 43% by weight of UF permeate.
14. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the UF permeate and the UF retentate in the UF step are: from 58 to 60% by weight of UF retentate and from 40 to 42% by weight of UF permeate.
15. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the NF permeate and the NF retentate in the NF step are from 31 to 37% by weight of NF retentate and from 63 to 69% by weight of NF permeate.
16. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the NF permeate and the NF retentate in the NF step are from 32 to 36% by weight of NF retentate and from 64 to 68% by weight of NF permeate.
17. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the proportions of the NF permeate and the NF retentate in the NF step are from 33 to 35% by weight of NF retentate and from 65 to 67% by weight of NF permeate.
18. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the UF and NF steps remove from 36 to 39% by weight of lactose.
19. The lactose-removing milk process for production of milk having a lactose content between 2.7% and 3.5% w/w according to claim 1 , wherein the UF and NF steps remove from 37 to 38% by weight of lactose.