Process for preparation of hydrofluoroalkenes by selective catalytic consecutive hydrodefluorination
The present application provides a hydrodefluorination process for the preparation of hydrofluoroalkenes by catalyzed substitution of one or more F atoms of a C2-C30 fluoroalkene, or a C2-C10 fluoroalkene, with one or more H atoms using a hydride source, such as a silane, and copper catalyst. During this process at least one C—F bond in the fluoroakene is converted to a C—H bond. The process is useful in the manufacture of hydrofluoroalkenes, such as hydrofluoroalkenes employed as, for example, refrigerants and blowers. Also provided are precatalyst compositions for performing the process, and formulations manufactured from hydrofluoroalkenes produced using the process.
1. A process for hydrodehalogenation of a fluoroalkene comprising treating a fluoroalkene with a hydride source and a catalyst of Formula VIII
L x M y H z VIII
where each L is, independently, Bipy, Phen, or a monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, or tetradentate phosphorous, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or carbon-based ligand or combination thereof, of the general formula PR 3 , NR 3 , SR 2 , OR 2 , :CR 2 where each R is independently; H, alkyl, aryl, silyl, alkoxy, amino, or halogen;
M is a Group 11 metal; and
x is an integer from 1 to 4;
y is 1;
z is an integer from 1 to 4; and
the sum of z+x is less than or equal to 4.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroalkene is a compound of Formula I and the product is a compound of Formula IIa, a compound of Formula IIb, or any combination thereof:
where each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently H, halogen, alkyl, alcohol, OR′, NR′ 3 , SH, SW, fluorothioether, silyl, =CR′ 2 , —C(R′)=CR′, —C≡CR′, phenyl, —C(O)R′, —C(O)H, —OC(O)OR′, —C(O)OR′, —C≡N, —N≡C, —NO 2 , —C 5 H 4 N, —S(O)R′, —S(O) 2 R′, —SC≡N, —B(OR′) 2 , or a fluorovariant thereof in which one or more C—H bond is replaced with a C—F bond, where R′ is an alkyl or alkenyl group.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroalkene is a compound of Formula Ia and the product is a compound of Formula IIIa, Formula IIIb, Formula IIIc, Formula IVa, Formula IVb, or any combination of two or more thereof:
where each of R 4 and R 6 are each independently H, halogen, alkyl, alcohol (OH), ether (OR), amine (NR 3 ), thiol (SH), thioether (SR), fluorothioether, silyl, allene (═CR 2 ), vinyl (—C(R)═CR 2 ), alkynyl (—C≡CR), Phenyl (Ph), carbonyl (—C(O)R), aldehyde (—C(O)H), carbonate (—OC(O)OR), ester (—C(O)OR), nitrile (—C≡N), isonitrile (—N≡C), nitro (—NO 2 ), pyridyl (—C 5 H 4 N), sulfinyl (—S(O)R), sulfonyl (—S(O) 2 R), thiocyanate (—SC≡N), boronate (—B(OR) 2 ), or a fluorovariant thereof in which one or more C—H bond is replaced with a C—F bond.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroalkene is a compound of Formula Ib and the product is a compound of Formula Va, Formula Vb, Formula Vb, Formula VIa, Formula VIb, Formula VIc, Formula VII, or any combination of two or more thereof:
where is H, halogen, alkyl, alcohol (OH), ether (OR), amine (NR 3 ), thiol (SH), thioether (SR), fluorothioether, silyl, allene (=CR 2 ), vinyl (—C(R)═CR 2 ), alkynyl (—C≡CR), Phenyl (Ph), carbonyl (—C(O)R), aldehyde (—C(O)H), carbonate (—OC(O)OR), ester (—C(O)OR), nitrile (—C≡N), isonitrile (—N≡C), nitro (—NO 2 ), pyridyl (—C 5 H 4 N), sulfinyl (—S(O)R), sulfonyl (—S(O) 2 R), thiocyanate (—SC≡N), boronate (—B(OR) 2 ), or a fluorovariant thereof in which one or more C—H bond is replaced with a C—F bond.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the each L is independently P(OEt) 3 , PPh 3 , PCp 3 , Bipy, Phen, tmeda, Triphos, Diphos, bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene, IPr (1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), or SIMes (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene).
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein M is CuI or CuII.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is (PPh 3 ) 3 CuH or (PPh 3 ) 2 CuH.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydride source is a silane.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the silane is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiH, where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are each, independently, H, Alk(alkyl), Ar(aryl), SiR 3 (silyl), OR (alkoxy), NR 2 (amino) or halogen.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is used to produce Z-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene [HFO-1225ye], E-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene [HFO-1225ye(E)], 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene [HFO-1234yf], 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene [HFO-1234ze(E)] or 1,1-difluoropropene [HFO-1252zc] from hexafluoropropene [HFP].