Flux compositions for steel galvanization
A flux composition for treating a metal surface prior to batch hot galvanizing in molten zinc-based alloys is disclosed. The flux composition can include (a) 40 to 70 wt. % zinc chloride, (b) 10 to 30 wt. % ammonium chloride, (c) 6 to 30 wt. % of a set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, (d) from 0.1 to 2 wt. % lead chloride, and (e) from 2 to 15 wt. % tin chloride, provided that the combined amounts of lead chloride and tin chloride represent at least 2.5 wt. % of the composition. A fluxing bath having this flux composition dissolved in water for use in galvanizing processes, as well as, a method for continuous or batch-wise treatment of metal articles in order to produce a protective coating layer with a thickness ranging from 5 to 30 μm is also disclosed.
1. A flux composition for treating a metal surface to be coated in a hot dip galvanization process using a molten zinc-based galvanizing bath comprising:
from 4 wt. % to 24 wt. % aluminum,
from 0.5 wt. % to 6 wt. % magnesium, and
the rest being essentially zinc,
wherein the flux composition comprises:
(a) more than 40 wt. % and less than 70 wt. % zinc chloride,
(b) from 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % ammonium chloride,
(c) more than 10 wt. % and less than 25 wt. % of a set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, wherein the set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal halides is a set of at least two alkali metal chlorides, and wherein said set of at least two alkali metal chlorides comprises sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a KCl/NaCl weight ratio from 3.0 to 8.0;
(d) from 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % lead chloride, and
(e) from 2 wt. % to 14 wt. % tin chloride, provided that the combined amounts of lead chloride and tin chloride represent at least 2.5 wt. % and at most 14 wt. % of said composition; and
wherein the flux composition further comprises at least one of a non-ionic surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor.
2. A flux composition for treating a metal surface to be coated in a hot dip galvanization process using a molten zinc-based galvanizing bath comprising:
from 4 wt. % to 24 wt. % aluminum,
from 0.5 wt. % to 6 wt. % magnesium, and
the rest being essentially zinc,
wherein the flux composition comprises:
(a) more than 40 wt. % and less than 70 wt. % zinc chloride,
(b) from 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % ammonium chloride,
(c) more than 10 wt. % and less than 25 wt. % of a set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, wherein the set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal halides is a set of at least two alkali metal chlorides, and wherein said set of at least two alkali metal chlorides comprises sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a KCl/NaCl weight ratio from 3.0 to 8.0;
(d) from 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % lead chloride, and
(e) from 2 wt. % to 14 wt. % tin chloride, provided that the combined amounts of lead chloride and tin chloride represent at least 2.5 wt. % and at most 14 wt. % of said composition; and
wherein the flux composition further comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant.
3. A flux composition according to claim 2 , wherein said set of at least two alkali metal chlorides includes sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a KCl/NaCl weight ratio from 3.5 to 8.0.
4. A flux composition according to claim 2 , further comprising at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, cerium chloride and lanthanum chloride.
5. A flux composition according to claim 2 , further comprising nickel chloride, wherein the nickel chloride is present in an amount up to 1.5 wt. % nickel chloride.
6. The flux composition according to claim 5 , comprising 1 to 1.5 wt. % nickel chloride.
7. A flux composition according to claim 2 , further comprising at least one corrosion inhibitor.
8. The flux composition according to claim 2 , wherein the flux composition comprises from 18 wt. % to 30 wt. % ammonium chloride.
9. The flux composition according to claim 2 , wherein said set of at least two alkali metal chlorides includes sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a KCl/NaCl weight ratio from 4.0 to 8.0.
10. The flux composition according to claim 9 , wherein the flux composition comprises from 18 wt. % to 30 wt. % ammonium chloride.
11. The flux composition according to claim 2 , further comprising water, wherein components (a)-(e) have a total concentration from 200 to 750 g/l.
12. The flux composition according to claim 2 , wherein the flux composition is prepared by mixing the components (a) through (e) and the at least one non-ionic surfactant.
13. A fluxing bath comprising a flux composition according to claim 2 dissolved in water.
14. A fluxing bath according to claim 13 , wherein the total concentration of components of the flux composition in water ranges from 200 to 750 g/l.
15. A process for the galvanization of a metal article, comprising a step of treating said article in a fluxing bath according to claim 13 .
16. A galvanization process according to claim 15 , wherein said metal article is an iron or steel article.
17. A galvanization process according to claim 15 , wherein said treating step consists of immersing said article in said fluxing bath for a period of time from 0.01 to 30 minutes.
18. A galvanization process according to claim 15 , wherein said treating step is performed at a temperature ranging from 50° C. to 90° C.
19. A galvanization process according to claim 15 , wherein the treated article is further dried until its surface temperature ranges from 100° C. to 200° C.
20. A galvanization process according to claim 15 , further comprising a step of dipping the treated article in a molten zinc-based galvanizing bath.
21. A galvanization process according to claim 20 , wherein said molten zinc-based galvanizing bath comprises (a) from 4 to 24 wt. % aluminum, (b) from 0.5 to 6 wt. % magnesium, and (c) the rest being essentially zinc.
22. A galvanization process according to claim 21 , wherein dipping is performed at a temperature ranging from 380° C. to 440° C. and wherein said molten zinc-based galvanizing bath comprises (a) 4 to 7 wt. % aluminum, (b) 0.5 to 3 wt. % magnesium, and (c) the rest being essentially zinc.