Electret-containing filter media
Filter media, such as electret-containing filtration media for filtering gas streams (e.g., air), are described herein. In some embodiments, the filter media may be designed to have desirable properties such as stable filtration efficiency over the lifetime of the filter media, increased normalized gamma, relatively low pressure drop (i.e. resistance), and/or relatively low basis weight. In certain embodiments, the filter media may be a composite of two or more types of fiber layers where each layer may be designed to enhance its function without substantially negatively impacting the performance of another layer of the media. For example, one layer of the media may be designed to have a relatively low basis weight and/or a relatively high air permeability, and another layer of the media may be designed to have stable filtration efficiency and/or a relatively high efficiency throughout the filter media's lifetime. The filter media described herein may be particularly well-suited for applications that involve filtering gas streams (e.g., face masks, cabin air filtration, vacuum filtration, room filtration, furnace filtration, respirator equipment, residential or industrial HVAC filtration, high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters, ultra-low particular air (ULPA) filters, medical equipment), though the media may also be used in other applications.
1. A filter media, comprising:
an open support layer; and
a charged fiber layer mechanically attached to the open support layer,
wherein the charged fiber layer comprises a first plurality of fibers comprising a first polymer and a second plurality of fibers comprising a second polymer,
wherein the first polymer is acrylic, and
wherein the open support layer is a mesh having an air permeability of greater than 1100 CFM and less than or equal to 20000 CFM.
2. A filter media, comprising:
an open support layer; and
a charged fiber layer mechanically attached to the open support layer,
wherein the charged fiber layer comprises a plurality of fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 15 microns and greater than or equal to 1 micron, and
wherein the open support layer is a mesh having an air permeability of greater than 1100 CFM and less than or equal to 20000 CFM.
3. A filter media, comprising:
an open support layer; and
a charged fiber layer mechanically attached to the support layer,
wherein the open support layer has an air permeability of greater than 1100 CFM and less than or equal to 20000 CFM,
wherein the filter media has an overall basis weight of greater than or equal to 12 g/m 2 and less than or equal to 700 g/m 2 ,
wherein the filter media has a gamma greater than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 250, and
wherein the filter media has an overall air permeability of greater than or equal to 30 CFM and less than or equal to 1100 CFM.
4. The filter media as in claim 2 , wherein the charged fiber layer comprises a first plurality of fibers comprising a first polymer and a second plurality of fibers comprising a second polymer.
5. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the first polymer and the second polymer have different dielectric constants.
6. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the second polymer comprises a synthetic material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, dry-spun acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, mod-acrylic, wet spun acrylic, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, nylon, polyurethane, phenolic, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyester, polyaramid, polyimide, polyolefin, Kevlar, Nomex, halogenated polymers, polyacrylics, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, and combinations thereof.
7. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the second polymer is polypropylene.
8. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is dry-spun acrylic.
9. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of fibers have an average fiber diameter of less than 15 microns and greater than or equal to 1 micron.
10. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of fibers have an average fiber diameter of less than 15 microns and greater than or equal to 1 micron.
11. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the charged fiber layer is needled to the open support layer.
12. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the charged fiber layer is needled to the open support layer at a punch density of greater than or equal to 15 punches per square centimeter and less than or equal to 60 punches per square centimeter.
13. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the charged fiber layer is needled to the open support layer at a penetration depth of needling of greater than or equal to 8 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm.
14. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the charged fiber layer has a basis weight of greater than or equal to 10 g/m 2 and less than or equal to 600 g/m 2 .
15. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the open support layer has a strand count along a first axis of greater than or equal to 2 threads per inch and less than or equal to 27 threads per inch.
16. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the open support layer comprises a plurality of fibers or strands having an average fiber diameter of greater than or equal to 0.5 microns and less than or equal to 2 mm.
17. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the charged fiber layer has an air permeability of greater than or equal to 10 CFM and less than or equal to 1200 CFM.
18. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the open support layer is formed by a spunbond process and comprises a plurality of fibers having an average fiber diameter of greater than or equal to 10 microns and less than or equal to 20 microns.
19. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the open support layer is a mesh and comprises a plurality of strands having an average strand diameter of greater than or equal to 500 microns and less than or equal to 2 mm.
20. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an overall basis weight of greater than or equal to 12 g/m 2 and less than or equal to 700 g/m 2 .
21. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an overall air permeability of greater than or equal to 30 CFM and less than or equal to 1100 CFM.
22. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a normalized efficiency of greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.5.
23. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a dust holding capacity of greater than or equal to about 1 g/m 2 and less than or equal to about 140 g/m 2 .
24. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a gamma of greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 250.
25. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a normalized gamma of greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10.9.
26. The filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an initial efficiency of greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 99.999%.