Flow back aids
The present invention discloses liquid quaternary ammonium salts that can be used to treat and coat the surfaces of the proppant sand or inorganic particles that are used in down-hole oil well fracturing operations as well as the containment structure and that these treated surfaces will cause water and oils to flow faster through the porous structure. These liquid quaternary ammonium salts can be chosen from a list that includes but is not limited to cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, benzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2-ethylhexylsulfate, dibenzylcocobishydroxyethyl ammonium phenolsulfonate, didecyldimethyl-ammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and tallow-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylammonium ethyl sulfate.
1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
forming proppant comprising a particulate material comprising a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid as a coating on an outer surface of said particulate material;
introducing a fracturing fluid through a well bore into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises said proppant;
pressurizing the fracturing fluid to fracture the subterranean formation;
allowing said proppant to form a particulate pack; and
allowing the fracturing fluid to flow back into the well bore from the subterranean formation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said quaternary ammonium ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethyl ammonium ethosulfate, didecyldi-methylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, di(benzylcocobis)hydroxyethyl-ammonium phenol sulfonate, cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, tallowbis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, benzylcocoamidopropyldimethyl-ammonium xylene-sulfonate, dibenzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium phenolsulfonate, benzylcocoamidopropyl-dimethylammonium naphthalenesulfonate, benzylcocobis (hydroxy-ethyl)ammonium benzoate, benzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium xylenesulfonate, benzyl-cocoamidopropyldimethyl-ammonium 1,3-dimethylcarboxybenzene-5-sulfonate, M-2 MeCl stearylbis(hydroxyethyl)-methylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethyl-ammonium lactate, N-alkyl(C 12 -C 16 )-N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride, benzylcocobis(hydroxy-ethyl)ammonium 2-ethylhexylsulfate, a mixture of mono(dicocodimethyl-ammonium) isooctyl-phosphate} and mono-dicocodimethylammonium diisooctylphosphate, benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexanoate, a mixture of mono(benzylcocodimethyl)-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexylphosphate and benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium di-2-ethylhexylphosphate and mixtures of all of the above.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said particulate material is selected from the group consisting of sand, bauxite, ceramic materials, glass materials, resin precoated proppants, polymer materials, nut shells, ground or crushed nut shells, seed shells, ground or crushed seed shells, fruit pit pieces, ground or crushed fruit pits, processed wood, composite particulates prepared from a binder with filler particulate including silica, alumina, fumed silica, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, and solid glass, 20/40 White Blanc quartz, or mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said polymer materials comprise tetrafluoroethylene.
5. A method of enhancing recovery of oil or gas during fracturing or stimulation processes, the method comprising: (i) adding the flowback aid composition comprising proppant into a subterranean formation via water or injection brine wherein said proppant comprises a proppant substrate wherein said proppant substrate comprises a particulate material wherein said particulate material has a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid as a coating on an outer surface of said particulate material, (ii) reducing surface or interfacial tension and/or increasing contact angle, and thereby (iii) allowing enhanced fluid recovery during the fracturing or stimulation processes.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the quaternary ammonium ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethyl ammonium ethosulfate, didecyldi-methylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, di(benzylcoco-bis)hydroxyethyl-ammonium phenol sulfonate, cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, tallowbis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, benzylcocoamidopropyl-dimethyl-ammonium xylene-sulfonate, dibenzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium phenol-sulfonate, benzylcocoamidopropyl-dimethylammonium naphthalenesulfonate, benzylcocobis (hydroxyethyl)ammonium benzoate, benzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium xylenesulfonate, benzylcocoamidopropyldimethyl-ammonium 1,3-dimethylcarboxybenzene-5-sulfonate, M-2 MeCl stearylbis(hydroxyethyl)-methylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethyl-ammonium lactate, N-alkyl (C12-C16)-N, N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-ammonium chloride, benzylcocobis(hydroxy-ethyl)ammonium 2-ethylhexylsulfate, a mixture of mono(dicocodimethyl-ammonium) isooctyl-phosphate} and mono-dicocodime thy 1 ammonium diisooctylphosphate, benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexanoate, a mixture of mono(benzylcocodimethyl)-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexylphosphate and benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium di-2-ethylhexylphosphate and mixtures of all of the above.
7. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, comprising at least the steps of:
(1) formulating a fracturing fluid wherein the fracturing fluid comprises a proppant comprising a proppant substrate comprising a particulate material wherein said particulate material is coated on an outer surface with a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid;
(2) pumping the fracturing fluid down the wellbore at a rate and pressure sufficient to flow into the formation and to initiate or extend fractures in the formation;
(3) reducing the applied pressure thereby allowing at least a portion of the injected fracturing fluid to flow back from the formation into the wellbore; and
(4) removing such flowed back fracturing fluid from the wellbore.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the quaternary ammonium ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of cocobis (2-hydroxyethyl)ethyl ammonium ethosulfate, didecyldi-methylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, di(benzylcocobis) hydroxyethyl-ammonium phenol sulfonate, cocobis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, tallowbis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-ethylammonium ethyl sulfate, benzylcocoamidopropyl-dimethyl-ammonium xylene-sulfonate, dibenzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium phenol-sulfonate, benzylcocoamidopropyl-dimethylammonium naphthalenesulfonate, benzylcocobis (hydroxyethyl)ammonium benzoate, benzylcocobis(hydroxyethyl)ammonium xylenesulfonate, benzylcocomidopropyldimethyl-ammonium 1,3-dimethylcarboxybenzene-5-sulfonate, M-2 MeCl stearylbis(hydroxyethyl)-methylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethyl-ammonium lactate, N-alkyl (C12-C16)-N, N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-ammonium chloride, benzylcocobis(hydroxy-ethyl)ammonium 2-ethylhexylsulfate, a mixture of mono(dicocodimethyl-ammonium) isooctyl-phosphate} and mono-dicocodime thy 1 ammonium diisooctylphosphate, benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexanoate, a mixture of mono(benzylcocodimethyl)-ammonium 2-ethyl-hexylphosphate and benzylcocodimethyl-ammonium di-2-ethylhexylphosphate and mixtures of all of the above.