Metal nanoparticle-decorated nanotubes for gas sensing
Disclosed herein are embodiments of compositions for gas sensing and sensors utilizing the same. In one embodiment, a composition comprises carbon nanotubes and and polymer-coated metal nanoparticles bound to the carbon nanotubes.
1. A sensor for detecting gas, the sensor comprising:
an electrode assembly comprising electrodes; and
a gas-adsorbing material disposed between the electrodes of the electrode assembly, wherein the gas-adsorbing material comprises:
carbon nanotubes; and
polymer-coated-metal nanoparticles bound to the carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are substantially free of carboxylic acid functional groups and hydroxyl functional groups.
2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electrode assembly is operatively coupled to a processing device, wherein the processing device is configured to measure changes in resistivity of the gas-adsorbing material that result from gas molecules adsorbed to the gas-adsorbing material.
3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the sensor has detection limit of less than or equal to 100 parts per million (ppm) during operation in an ambient environment having a relative humidity from 0% to at least 80%.
4. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is adapted to selectively detect methane.
5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles are non-covalently bound to the carbon nanotubes.
6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 percent by weight based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.
7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
8. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles each comprise a metallic core, and wherein the polymer layer is covalently bound to the metallic core.
9. The sensor of claim 8 , wherein the metallic core comprises a metal selected from a group consisting of palladium, iridium, rhodium, platinum and gold.
10. The sensor of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is further adapted to be refreshed by flushing with a methane-free gas.
11. A sensor for detecting gas, comprising:
an electrode assembly comprising electrodes; and
a gas adsorbing material disposed between the electrodes of the electrode assembly, wherein the gas-adsorbing material comprises:
single wall carbon nanotubes; and
polymer-coated metal nanoparticles bound to the carbon nanotubes, wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 percent by weight based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.
12. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the sensor is adapted to selectively detect methane.
13. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein a diameter of a metal core of the polymer-coated nanoparticles is in a range from less than or equal to 1 nanometer to at least 10 nanometers.
14. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the sensor has a lower limit of detection less than or equal to 100 parts per million (ppm).
15. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the sensor is adapted to selectively detect methane, and wherein the sensor is further adapted to be refreshed by flushing with a methane-free gas.
16. A network of one or more sensors for detecting gas, at least one of the sensors comprising:
an electrode assembly comprising electrodes; and
a gas-adsorbing material disposed between the electrodes of the electrode assembly, wherein the gas-adsorbing material comprises:
carbon nanotubes; and
polymer-coated metal nanoparticles bound to the carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are substantially free of carboxylic acid functional groups and hydroxyl functional groups.
17. The network of claim 16 , wherein the one or more sensors is adapted to selectively detect methane.
18. The network of claim 17 , wherein the one or more sensors is further adapted to be refreshed by flushing with a methane-free gas.
19. The network of claim 16 , wherein the one or more sensors has a lower limit of detection less than or equal to 100 parts per million (ppm).