Solid electrolyte for a negative electrode of a secondary battery and methods for the manufacture of an electrochemical cell

1. A solid electrolyte for a negative electrode of a secondary battery, the solid electrolyte comprising:

a first porous solid electrolyte having a first surface;

a first coating on the first surface of the first porous solid electrolyte;

an adhesive electrolyte layer on the first porous solid electrolyte; and

a second porous solid electrolyte on the adhesive electrolyte layer, the second porous solid electrolyte having a second surface,

wherein the first porous solid electrolyte and the second porous solid electrolyte each have an ionic conductivity effective for a deposition metal, and

wherein a surface of the first coating is less favorable for deposition of the deposition metal than the second surface of the second solid electrolyte.

2. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive electrolyte layer is porous.

3. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive electrolyte layer comprises an ionically conductive polymer.

4. The solid electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein the ionically conductive polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide comprising a metal salt, poly(methyl (meth)acrylate), polypropylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyester sulfide, or a combination thereof.

5. The solid electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein the ionically conductive polymer comprises LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiN(SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiAlCl 4 , NaAsF 6 , or a combination thereof.

6. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive electrolyte layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 10 micrometers.

7. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the deposition metal is Li.

8. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte each independently have an ionic conductivity for Li of at least 10 −3 S/m.

9. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the first coating comprises a carbonate, a halogen, an oxide, a polymer, a silicide, a phosphide, a sulfide, a metal of Groups 2 to 16, or a combination thereof.

10. The solid electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the polymer comprises a polyacetal, a polyolefin, a poly(alkylene oxide), a poly(meth)acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polystyrene, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyamideimide, a polyarylate, a polyarylsulfone, a polyethersulfone, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyvinyl chloride, a polysulfone, a polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyetherketone, a polyether etherketone, a polyether ketone ketone, a polybenzoxazole, a polyphthalide, a polyacetal, a polyanhydride, a polyvinyl ether, a polyvinyl thioether, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl ketone, a polyvinyl halide, a polyvinyl nitrile, a polyvinyl ester, a polysulfonate, a polysulfide, a polythioester, a polysulfone, a polysulfonamide, a polyurea, a polyphosphazene, a polysilazane, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polybutylene terephthalate, a polyurethane, an ethylene propylene diene rubber, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a fluorinated ethylene propylene, a perfluoroalkoxyethylene, a polychlorotrifluoroethylene, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a combination thereof.

11. The solid electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the first coating comprises lithium carbonate.

12. The solid electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising a current collector disposed on the second porous solid electrolyte and opposite the adhesive electrolyte layer.

13. The solid electrolyte of claim 12 , further comprising a layer of the deposition metal disposed between the current collector and the second porous solid electrolyte.

14. The solid electrolyte of claim 13 , wherein the deposition metal comprises lithium.

15. An electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell, the electrode assembly comprising:

the solid electrolyte of claim 1 ;

a separator disposed on the first porous solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte; and

a current collector disposed on the second porous solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte.

16. An electrochemical cell comprising:

a positive electrode; and

the electrode assembly of claim 15 disposed on the positive electrode.

17. The electrochemical cell of claim 16 , further comprising the deposition metal disposed on the current collector, the first surface of the first solid electrolyte, the second surface of the second solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof.

18. An electrochemical cell comprising:

a positive electrode;

a separator disposed adjacent to the positive electrode; and

negative electrode comprising

a first porous solid electrolyte adjacent to the separator and opposite the positive electrode, the first porous solid electrolyte having a first surface,

a first coating on the first surface of the first solid electrolyte,

an adhesive electrolyte layer on the first porous solid electrolyte,

a second porous solid electrolyte adjacent to the adhesive electrolyte layer and opposite the first porous solid electrolyte, the second porous solid electrolyte having a second surface, and

a current collector disposed on the second porous solid electrolyte and opposite the adhesive electrolyte layer,

wherein a surface of the first coating is less favorable for deposition of lithium metal than the second surface of the second solid electrolyte.