Methods of screening for sortilin binding antagonists
The present disclosure provides methods of screening for a sortilin binding antagonist. In some embodiments, the methods include incubating an agent with a sortilin protein and a sortilin ligand, where the sortilin protein and sortilin ligand are each attached to a member of a fluorescence donor/acceptor pair, exciting the fluorescence donor of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair, and detecting fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence donor at a second wavelength and fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence acceptor at a third wavelength. A decrease in the ratio of the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence acceptor at the third wavelength to the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence donor at the second wavelength, as compared to the ratio in the absence of the agent, indicates that the agent is a sortilin binding antagonist.
1. A method of screening for a sortilin binding antagonist, comprising:
(a) incubating an agent in a solution containing a sortilin protein and a sortilin ligand under conditions in which the sortilin protein is capable of binding to the sortilin ligand, wherein:
(i) a first member of a fluorescence donor/acceptor pair is attached to said sortilin protein,
(ii) a second member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair is attached to said sortilin ligand, and (iii) upon binding between said sortilin protein and said sortilin ligand, the first member and the second member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair are in proximity sufficient for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET);
(b) exciting the fluorescence donor of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair with light of a first wavelength sufficient for FRET to occur between the fluorescence donor and the fluorescence acceptor; and
(c) detecting fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence donor at a second wavelength and fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence acceptor at a third wavelength;
wherein (i) the first member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair is d2 directly coupled to said sortilin protein, and the second member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair comprises Terbium cryptate coupled to Streptavidin, which is bound to biotin coupled to said sortilin ligand; or
(ii) the first member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair is d2 coupled to an antibody that specifically binds to said sortilin protein, and the second member of the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair comprises Terbium cryptate coupled to streptavidin, which is bound to biotin coupled to said sortilin ligand;
wherein a decrease in the ratio of the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence acceptor at the third wavelength to the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence donor at the second wavelength, as compared to the ratio in the absence of the agent, indicates that the agent is a sortilin binding antagonist.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sortilin ligand is a progranulin (PGRN) protein.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said PGRN protein comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sortilin ligand is selected from the group consisting of a neurotensin protein, a pro-sortilin peptide, a spadin peptide, a pro-NGF protein, a PCSK9 protein, or an APP protein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sortilin protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first wavelength is about 337 nm;
the second wavelength is about 620 nm; and
the third wavelength is about 665 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) occurs after step (b) by a time delay sufficient for decay of short-lived fluorescence.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a small molecule or a protein.