Optically black AM-EWOD array element structure
An active matrix electro-wetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device has an optically black array element structure to enhance optical detection of constituents within a liquid droplet. The AM-EWOD device includes a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate assembly having a hydrophobic layer; thin film electronics having a plurality of array elements arranged in an array of rows and columns, each of the array elements including an array element electrode and a TFT device; and an optically black material disposed between a plane of the TFT device and the hydrophobic layer. The TFT substrate assembly further includes a planarization structure that includes a component having the optically black material. The planarization structure has a planarization component disposed between the TFT device and the array element electrode, and an ionic barrier disposed between the array element electrode and the hydrophobic coating. The planarization component or the ionic barrier includes the optically black material.
1. An active matrix electro-wetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device comprising:
a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate assembly comprising:
a first hydrophobic layer;
thin film electronics having a plurality of array elements arranged in an array of rows and columns, each of the array elements including an array element electrode and a TFT device; and
an optically black material disposed between a plane of the TFT device and the first hydrophobic layer; and
a second substrate assembly that is spaced apart from the TFT substrate assembly to define a cell gap.
2. The AM-EWOD device of claim 1 , wherein the TFT substrate assembly further comprises a planarization structure that includes a component having the optically black material.
3. The AM-EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the planarization structure comprises at least one planarization component disposed between the TFT device and the array element electrode, and an ionic barrier disposed between the array element electrode and the hydrophobic coating.
4. The AM-EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one planarization component comprises an organic material, and the ionic barrier comprises an inorganic material.
5. The AM-EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one planarization component includes the optically black material.
6. The AM-EWOD device of claim 5 , wherein the at least one planarization component including the optically black material comprises an organic polymer material and a black dye.
7. The AM-EWOD device of claim 6 , wherein the black dye is a non-fluorescent black dye.
8. The AM-EWOD device of claim 6 , wherein the black dye includes a fluorescent material, and the at least one planarization component including the optically black material further comprises a black dye absorber.
9. The AM-EWOD device of claim 5 , wherein the at least one planarization component including the optically black material comprises an organic polymer material and an inorganic black pigment.
10. The AM-EWOD device of claim 9 , wherein the inorganic black pigment is selected from a group consisting of carbon black, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, and graphite.
11. The AM-EWOD device of claim 5 , wherein the at least one planarization component including the optically black material is made of a natively optically black material.
12. The AM-EWOD device of claim 11 , wherein the natively black material is selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon germanium, a black matrix material, and a photoresist material modified to include an inorganic black pigment.
13. The AM-EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein:
the at least one planarization component comprises a first planarization component and a second planarization component;
the second planarization component is conformal relative to the TFT device, and the first planarization component is conformal relative to the second planarization component; and
the first planarization component includes the optically black material.
14. The AM-EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein the TFT substrate assembly further comprises an additional optically black layer disposed between the at least one planarization component and the ionic barrier.
15. The AM-EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein the ionic barrier includes the optically black material.
16. The AM-EWOD device of claim 15 , wherein the ionic barrier comprises an inorganic insulator material modified to have an additional optically black material.
17. The AM-EWOD device of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate assembly comprises a second hydrophobic layer positioned oppositely form the first hydrophobic layer to define the cell gap, and a reference electrode disposed on a side of the second hydrophobic coating opposite from the cell gap.
18. A microfluidic system for measuring an optical property of a liquid droplet comprising:
the AM-EWOD device according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid droplet is received within the cell gap of the AM-EWOD device; and
an optical measurement apparatus that measures the optical property of the liquid droplet.
19. The microfluidic device of claim 18 , wherein the optical measurement apparatus comprises:
an illumination source that emits illumination light rays that illuminate the liquid droplet, wherein a constituent that is present within the liquid droplet is excited by the illumination light rays and emits excitation light rays; and
a photodetector that is positioned to detect the excitation light rays, wherein a constituent of the liquid droplet is determined based on the detection of the excitation light rays.
20. The microfluidic device of claim 19 , wherein the optical measurement apparatus further comprises:
a first focusing lens that focuses the illumination light rays onto the AM-EWOD device, and a first band pass filter that blocks light that is not of a wavelength to excite the constituent of the liquid droplet; and
a second focusing lens that focuses the excitation light rays onto the photodetector, and a second band pass filter that blocks light that is not of a wavelength of the excitation light rays.