Enhanced high temperature crosslinked fracturing fluids
A fracturing fluid including a mixture of an aqueous terpolymer composition including a terpolymer, an additive, and crosslinker. The terpolymer includes 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, and acrylic acid monomer units, or a salt thereof. The additive includes a sugar alcohol or a derivative thereof, and the crosslinker includes a metal. The weight ratio of the metal to the terpolymer is in a range of 0.01 to 0.16, and a concentration of the additive is in a range of 0.001 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fracturing fluid. Treating a subterranean formation includes introducing the fracturing fluid into a subterranean formation, and crosslinking the fracturing fluid in the subterranean formation to yield a crosslinked fracturing fluid. The crosslinked fracturing fluid mitigates damage caused by substantial amounts of total dissolved solids or significant water hardness.
1. A fracturing fluid comprising a mixture of:
an aqueous terpolymer composition comprising water and a terpolymer, the terpolymer comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide, and acrylic acid monomer units, or a salt thereof, wherein the terpolymer comprises 1 mol. % to 15 mol. % AMPS, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises 20 to 50 pounds of the terpolymer per thousand gallons of the fracturing fluid, and wherein the fracturing fluid comprises;
a crosslinker comprising a metal;
a clay stabilizer; and
an additive comprising a sugar alcohol or a sugar alcohol derivative,
wherein a weight ratio of the metal to the terpolymer is in a range of 0.01 to 0.16 and a concentration of the additive is in a range of 0.001 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fracturing fluid, and wherein, after crosslinking, the fracturing fluid has a viscosity of at least 500 cP for at least 70 minutes when the gel is subjected to a shear rate of 40 s-1 at a temperature in a range of 300° F. to 400° F.
2. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a sugar alcohol.
3. The fracturing fluid of claim 2 , wherein the sugar alcohol comprises at least one of sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol, lactitol, xylitol, and maltitol.
4. The fracturing fluid of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of the sugar alcohol is in a range of 0.005 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fracturing fluid.
5. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a sugar alcohol derivative.
6. The fracturing fluid of claim 5 , wherein the sugar alcohol derivative comprises at least one of a derivative of sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol, lactitol, xylitol, and maltitol.
7. The fracturing fluid of claim 5 , wherein the concentration of the sugar alcohol derivative is in a range of 0.05 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the fracturing fluid.
8. The fracturing fluid of claim 5 , wherein the sugar alcohol derivative comprises an alkylated sugar alcohol.
9. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the metal to the terpolymer is in a range of 0.02 to 0.16.
10. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , comprising at least one of a gel stabilizer, a viscosity breaker, a proppant, and a pH adjusting agent.
11. The fracturing fluid of claim 10 , comprising the pH adjusting agent, wherein a pH of the fracturing fluid is in a range of 3 to 6.5.
12. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , comprising between 50 mg/L and 50,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids.
13. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the metal in the fracturing fluid is in a range of 0.001 wt. % to 0.048 wt. %.
14. A fracturing fluid comprising a mixture of:
a base fluid comprising water;
an aqueous terpolymer composition comprising a terpolymer, the terpolymer comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, and acrylic acid monomer units, or a salt thereof, and wherein the terpolymer comprises 1 mol % to 15 mol % of the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer units and wherein the fracturing fluid comprises 20 to 50 pounds of the terpolymer per thousand gallons of the fracturing fluid;
a crosslinker comprising a metal;
a clay stabilizer; and
an additive comprising a sugar alcohol or a sugar alcohol derivative,
wherein a weight ratio of the metal to the terpolymer is in a range of 0.01 to 0.16, a concentration of the additive is in a range of 0.001 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fracturing fluid, and wherein, after crosslinking, the fracturing fluid has a viscosity of at least 500 cP for at least 70 minutes when the gel is subjected to a shear rate of 40 s-1 at a temperature in a range of 300° F. to 400° F.
15. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , wherein the additive comprises a sugar alcohol.
16. The fracturing fluid of claim 15 , wherein the sugar alcohol comprises at least one of sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol, lactitol, xylitol, and maltitol.
17. The fracturing fluid of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the sugar alcohol is in a range of 0.005 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fracturing fluid.
18. The fracturing fluid of claim 15 , wherein the additive comprises a sugar alcohol derivative.
19. The fracturing fluid of claim 18 , wherein the sugar alcohol derivative comprises at least one of a derivative of sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol, lactitol, xylitol, and maltitol.
20. The fracturing fluid of claim 18 , wherein the concentration of the sugar alcohol derivative is in a range of 0.05 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the fracturing fluid.
21. The fracturing fluid of claim 18 , wherein the sugar alcohol derivative comprises an alkylated sugar alcohol.
22. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , wherein the crosslinker comprises a water-miscible, non-aqueous fluid.