Reservoir stimulation by energetic chemistry
A stimulation fluid including (i) an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt capable of being exothermally oxidized to produce heat and gas, (ii) an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the ammonium salt; (iii) a water-soluble inorganic acid salt and/or an organic carboxylic acid salt of a tertiary amine; (iv) a low molecular weight carboxylic acid; and (v) a high salinity brine containing divalent metal ions; and (vi) optionally, a surfactant.
1. A self-initiating, self-reactive treatment fluid for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir in a formation, comprising an aqueous solution comprising: (a) an ammonium salt capable of being exothermally oxidized to produce heat and nitrogen gas; (b) an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the ammonium salt; and (c) a free tertiary amine salt or a compound which reacts to form a free tertiary amine salt in situ; (d) a low molecular weight carboxylic acid; and (e) a high salinity brine containing divalent ions comprising Ca2+ and/or Mg2+; and (f) optionally, a surfactant.
2. The treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salt comprises ammonium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium nitrite, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, or an ammonium salt of an organic acid.
3. The treatment fluid of claim 2 wherein the ammonium salt comprises ammonium acetate or ammonium formate.
4. The treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent comprises an alkali metal salt of nitrous acid, an ammonium salt of nitrous acid, alkali metal salts of hypochlorite, or hydrogen peroxide.
5. The treatment fluid of claim 2 wherein the oxidizing agent comprises an alkali metal salt of nitrous acid, an ammonium salt of nitrous acid, alkali metal salts of hypochlorite, or hydrogen peroxide.
6. The treatment fluid of claim 4 wherein the oxidizing agent comprises sodium nitrite and the ammonium salt comprises ammonium sulphate.
7. The treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the tertiary amine salt comprises an inorganic acid salt or organic carboxylic acid salt of a tertiary amine of the formula I:
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and each is an alkyl or aryl group having between 1 and 30 carbon atoms.
8. The treatment fluid of claim 4 wherein the tertiary amine salt comprises an inorganic acid salt or organic carboxylic acid salt of a tertiary amine of the formula I:
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and each is an alkyl or aryl group having between 1 and 30 carbon atoms.
9. The treatment fluid of claim 7 wherein one or more of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 groups is benzyl, tolyl, cycloalkyl, alkanol and alkyl.
10. The treatment fluid of claim 7 wherein the tertiary amine comprises trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, or dimethyltetradodecylamine.
11. The treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the compound which reacts to form a free tertiary amine salt is a polyoxymethylene.
12. The treatment fluid of claim 6 wherein the tertiary amine is a corrosion inhibitor.
13. The treatment fluid of claim 10 wherein the tertiary amine comprises trimethylamine.
14. The treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the low molecular weight carboxylic acid comprises formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid or valeric acid.
15. The treatment fluid of claim 11 wherein an acid-generating compound is capable of reacting with a portion of the ammonium salt to produce an acid or tertiary amine salt.
16. The treatment fluid of claim 12 wherein an acid-generating compound comprises an aldehyde, a di-aldehyde or a polyoxymethylene.
17. The treatment fluid of claim 13 wherein an acid-generating compound comprises methanal, acetal, propanal, glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succinic dialdehyde, paraformaldehyde or trioxane.
18. A method of stimulating a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir penetrated by a wellbore, comprising the step of placing into the reservoir a self-initiating self-reactive treatment fluid comprising (a) an ammonium salt capable of being exothermally oxidized to produce heat and nitrogen gas; (b) an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the ammonium salt; and (c) a free tertiary amine salt or a compound which reacts to form a free tertiary amine salt; (d) a low molecular weight carboxylic acid; and (e) a high salinity brine containing divalent ions comprising Ca2+ and/or Mg2+; and (f) optionally, a surfactant.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the treatment fluid further comprises an acid-generating compound.