Colorless material with improved antimicrobial performance
Aspects of this disclosure pertain to a colorless material that includes a carrier, copper-containing particles, and quaternary ammonium. In one or more embodiments, the material exhibits, in the CIE L*a*b* system, an L* value in the range from about 91 to about 100, and a C* value of less than about 7, wherein C* equals √(a* 2 +b* 2 ). In some embodiments, the material exhibits a greater than 3 log reduction in a concentration of Staphylococcus aureus , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing conditions.
1. A material comprising:
a carrier;
copper-containing particles; and
quaternary ammonium,
wherein the carrier exhibits, in the CIE L*a*b* system, as measured at normal incidence using a standard CIE illuminant, an L* value in the range from about 88 to about 100, and a C* value of less than about 10, wherein C* equals √(a* 2 +b* 2 ),
wherein the material exhibits a greater than 1 log reduction in a concentration of Staphylococcus aureus , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing conditions,
wherein the copper-containing particles are present in an amount of from about 20 g/gallon to about 100 g/gallon of the carrier or less, and
further wherein the quaternary ammonium is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 0.01 wt %.
2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the copper-containing particles comprise a copper-containing glass or cuprous oxide.
3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises a polymer, a monomer, a binder or a solvent.
4. The material of claim 2 , wherein the copper-containing glass comprises a cuprite phase comprising a plurality of Cu 1+ ions, and comprising at least one of B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 and R 2 O.
5. The material of claim 4 , wherein the copper-containing glass further comprises a glass phase comprising more than 40 mol % SiO 2 .
6. The material of claim 5 , wherein the glass phase is present in an amount by weight greater than the cuprite phase.
7. The material of claim 5 , wherein the cuprite phase is dispersed in the glass phase.
8. The material of claim 5 , wherein either one or both the cuprite phase and the glass phase comprise Cu 1+ .
9. A material comprising:
a carrier;
copper-containing particles; and
quaternary ammonium,
wherein, after the material is applied to a surface as a layer and dried for 2 minutes or more, the layer exhibits, in the CIE L*a*b* system, as measured at normal incidence using a standard CIE illuminant, an L* value in the range from about 88 to about 100, and a C* value of less than about 10, wherein C* equals √(a* 2 +b* 2 ),
wherein the material exhibits a greater than 1 log reduction in a concentration of Staphylococcus aureus , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing conditions,
wherein the copper-containing particles are present in an amount of from about 20 g/gallon to about 100 g/gallon of the carrier or less, and
wherein the quaternary ammonium is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 0.01 wt %.
10. The material of claim 9 , wherein the copper-containing particles comprise a copper-containing glass or cuprous oxide.
11. The material of claim 9 , wherein the carrier comprises a polymer, a monomer, a binder or a solvent.
12. The material of claim 10 , wherein the copper-containing glass comprises a cuprite phase comprising a plurality of Cu 1+ ions, and comprising at least one of B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 and R 2 O.
13. The material of claim 12 , wherein the copper-containing glass further comprises a glass phase comprising more than 40 mol % SiO 2 .
14. The material of claim 13 , wherein the glass phase is present in an amount by weight greater than the cuprite phase.
15. The material of claim 13 , wherein the cuprite phase is dispersed in the glass phase.
16. The material of claim 13 , wherein either one or both the cuprite phase and the glass phase comprise Cu 1+ .
17. The material of claim 12 , wherein the cuprite phase comprises crystals having an average major dimension of about 5 micrometers (μm) or less, and wherein the cuprite phase is degradable and leaches in the presence of water.
18. A material comprising:
a carrier;
copper-containing particles; and
quaternary ammonium,
wherein the carrier exhibits, in the CIE L*a*b* system, as measured at normal incidence using a standard CIE illuminant, one or more of: (a) an L* value in the range from about 88 to about 100 and (b) a C* value of less than about 10, wherein C* equals √(a* 2 +b* 2 ),
wherein the material exhibits a greater than 1 log reduction in a concentration of Staphylococcus aureus , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing conditions,
wherein the copper-containing particles are present in an amount of from about 1 g/gallon to about 100 g/gallon of the carrier or less, and
further wherein the quaternary ammonium is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 0.01 wt %.
19. The material of claim 18 , wherein the copper-containing particles comprise a copper-containing glass, and further wherein the copper-containing glass comprises a cuprite phase comprising a plurality of Cu 1+ ions, and comprising at least one of B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 and R 2 O.
20. The material of claim 19 , wherein the copper-containing glass further comprises a glass phase comprising more than 40 mol % SiO 2 , and further wherein the glass phase is present in an amount by weight greater than the cuprite phase.