Water purification device

1. A water purification device comprising:

a heavy metal removal layer configured to filter heavy metal ions and perfluorinated compounds from contaminated water, the heavy metal removal layer comprising a nanofiber web having a functional group bonded thereto, wherein the functional group is configured to attract and bond the heavy metal ions, and wherein the nanofiber web comprises a plurality of nanofiber pores, each of the plurality of nanofiber pores having a nanofiber pore size from 100 nanometers to 50,000 nanometers;

a biological species removal layer configured to filter biological species from the contaminated water; and

a support layer configured to provide support for the water purification device and comprising a microfiber web, the microfiber web comprising a plurality of microfiber pores, wherein each of the plurality of microfiber pores has a microfiber pore size of 2 nanometers to 7,000 nanometers.

2. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the support layer is disposed between the heavy metal removal layer and the biological species removal layer.

3. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group is a thiol or a mercaptan functional group.

4. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber web comprises at least polyethylene terephthalate.

5. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the biological species removal layer comprises a plurality of positively-charged nano-whiskers.

6. The water purification device according to claim 5 , wherein the positively-charged nano-whiskers are aluminum oxide hydroxide nano-whiskers.

7. The water purification device according to claim 6 , wherein the aluminum oxide hydroxide nano-whiskers are in boehmite form.

8. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the microfiber web comprises deep groove microfibers.

9. The water purification device according to claim 8 , wherein the deep groove microfibers are micron-sized deep groove microfibers.

10. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the water purification device further comprises an anti-fouling layer configured to prevent clogging of the water purification device.

11. The water purification device according to claim 10 , wherein the anti-fouling layer is located on a first end of the water purification device such that the contaminated water flows first through the anti-fouling layer.

12. The water purification device according to claim 10 , wherein the anti-fouling layer comprises a nanofiber web with nanoparticles embedded therein, wherein the nanoparticles are configured to prevent adhesion of particles from the contaminated water onto the first end of the water purification device.

13. The water purification device according to claim 12 , wherein the nanoparticles are chitosan nanoparticles.

14. The water purification device according to claim 12 , wherein the nanofiber web is comprised of at least polyvinyl alcohol.

15. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the water purification device further comprises an enhanced biological species removal layer configured to filter biological species not filtered via the biological species removal layer, wherein the biological species removal layer is positioned in the water purification device such that the contaminated water flows first through the biological species removal layer before flowing through the enhanced biological species layer.

16. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the water purification device further comprises a perfluorinated compound removal layer configured to filter heavy metal ions and perfluorinated compounds not filtered via the heavy metal removal layer, wherein the heavy metal removal layer is positioned in the water purification device such that the contaminated water flows first through the heavy metal removal layer before flowing through the perfluorinated compound removal layer.

17. The water purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber pore size is from 500 nanometers to about 1000 nanometers.