DOTA synthesis
The present invention provides methods for the preparation of compounds useful in in vivo therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In particular, the present invention provides a method for the synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and also methods for the preparation of metal chelates of DOTA.
1. A method for the synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), the method comprising:
(a) reacting 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) with a halo-acetic acid and an excess of a base;
(b) crystalizing the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) wherein said crystalizing the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) is carried out at a pH>3 and <3.5 in an organic solvent;
(c) filtering an aqueous solution of the crystallized product of step (b) using membrane filtration; and
(d) crystalizing the filtered solution obtained in step (c) wherein said crystalizing the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) is carried out at a pH>3 and <3.5, wherein the sodium content of the resulting DOTA is <50 ppm.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said halo-acetic acid is selected from iodoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid or chloroacetic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said halo-acetic acid is chloroacetic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said halo-acetic acid is the salt of said halo-acetic acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said base is selected from an alkali hydroxide or an alkaline-earth metal hydroxide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH in step (b) is adjusted by addition of an acid selected from HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , HBr, HClO 4 and HI.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH in step (b) is adjusted by addition of HCl.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or methanol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said filtering step (c) is carried out by membrane filtration.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said filtering step (c) is carried out by nanofiltration.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of steps (b), (c) and (d) is independently carried out at pH 3-3.5.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of steps (b), (c) and (d) is independently carried out at pH 3.2.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said organic solvent is ethanol or methanol.
14. A method for the synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), the method comprising:
(a) reacting 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) with a halo-acetic acid and an excess of a NaOH at a pH of around 11;
(b) crystallizing the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) wherein said crystallizing comprises addition of methanol and is carried out at pH 3.2-4 and wherein the pH is adjusted by addition of HCl;
(c) filtering an aqueous solution of the crystallized product of step (b) by membrane filtration or by nanofiltration; and
(d) crystallizing the filtered solution obtained in step (c) wherein said crystallizing comprises addition of methanol and is carried out at pH 3.2-4, and wherein the pH is adjusted by addition of HCl, wherein the sodium content of the resulting DOTA is <50 ppm.
15. A method for preparing a metal-DOTA chelate of Formula (I) or Formula (II):
the method comprising,
treating the product obtained according to the method of claim 1 with a metal cation, M n+ ,
wherein n+ is 2 or 3, provided from a metal ion source selected from metal oxides, metal carbonates, or weak chelates and wherein the metal cation is selected from Gd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Sm, Lu, La, In, Ga, Re, Ru, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, Ti Sc, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Os, Ir, Pt, Au or Y, and wherein M 2+ coordination can occur with any two of the carboxyl moieties.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said metal cation is Gd.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein metal ion source is Gd 2 O 3 and the compound Formula (II) is gadoterate meglumine.
18. A method for preparing gadoterate meglumine, the method comprising:
(i) adding Gd 2 O 3 to the product obtained according to the method defined in claim 1 ; and
(ii) adding meglumine to the complex DOTA-Gd obtained in the step (i).
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said organic solvent is methanol.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of steps (b), (c) and (d) is independently carried out at pH 3.2-3.5.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said organic solvent is methanol.