Apparatuses including power electronics circuitry, and related methods of operation
Apparatuses including power electronics circuitry are provided. The power electronics circuitry includes at least one power converter that is coupled to a DC bus. Moreover, in some embodiments, the at least one power converter is configured to regulate a voltage of the DC bus. Related methods of operating an apparatus including power electronics circuitry are also provided.
1. A Premise Energy Router (PER) at or adjacent a premise of a customer of an electric utility, the PER comprising:
a housing;
a Direct Current (DC) bus in the housing; and
a plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters in the housing, coupled to the DC bus, and configured to interface with a plurality of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), respectively, at the premise of the customer,
wherein each of the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters has a switching frequency of 10 kilohertz or higher.
2. A Premise Energy Router (PER) at or adjacent a premise of a customer of an electric utility, the PER comprising:
a housing;
a Direct Current (DC) bus in the housing; and
a plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters in the housing, coupled to the DC bus, and configured to interface with a plurality of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), respectively, at the premise of the customer,
wherein the plurality of DERs comprises an energy storage device at the premise of the customer,
wherein the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters comprises an energy storage switched mode power converter coupled to the DC bus and to the energy storage device, and
wherein the energy storage switched mode power converter is configured to use the energy storage device to insert synthetic inertia for a distribution grid to which the PER is coupled.
3. The PER of claim 2 , wherein the energy storage device comprises an ultracapacitor or a battery.
4. The PER of claim 1 , further comprising communications circuitry configured to provide communications, using peer-to-peer communications via a field message bus, between first and second ones of the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters.
5. The PER of claim 1 , further comprising:
a grid interface switched mode power converter coupled to the DC bus, wherein the grid interface switched mode power converter is configured to adjust or hold a voltage of the DC bus; and
a bidirectional switch coupled to an Alternating Current (AC) side of a grid.
6. The PER of claim 5 , wherein the grid interface switched mode power converter comprises a power semiconductor device that is configured to switch at a frequency of 10 kilohertz or higher.
7. The PER of claim 1 , further comprising:
DC meter circuitry configured to measure DC power; and
Alternating Current (AC) meter circuitry configured to measure real and reactive AC power.
8. The PER of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bidirectional switch coupled to a secondary side of a distribution transformer; and
a grid interface switched mode power converter coupled to the DC bus, wherein the grid interface switched mode power converter is configured to adjust or hold a voltage of the DC bus.
9. The PER of claim 1 , further comprising a switched mode power converter coupled to an Alternating Current (AC) load.
10. A method of operating a Premise Energy Router (PER) at or adjacent a premise of a customer of an electric utility, the method comprising:
regulating, via a control input, a voltage of a Direct Current (DC) bus of the PER,
wherein a plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters are coupled to the DC bus and are configured to interface with a plurality of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), respectively, at the premise of the customer, and
wherein the regulating comprises providing a command to each of the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters to operate in a voltage droop control mode.
11. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the plurality of DERs comprises an energy storage device at the premise of the customer,
wherein the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters comprises an energy storage switched mode power converter coupled to the DC bus and to the energy storage device,
wherein the control input comprises a first control input, and
wherein the method further comprises providing a second control input to the energy storage switched mode power converter to use the energy storage device to insert synthetic inertia for a distribution grid to which the PER is coupled.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the providing the second control input comprises controlling capacitor emulation via the energy storage switched mode power converter to insert the synthetic inertia.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising communicating, using peer-to-peer communications via a field message bus, between first and second ones of the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters.
14. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the control input comprises a command to a grid interface switched mode power converter of the PER that is coupled to the DC bus to adjust or hold the voltage of the DC bus, and
wherein the regulating further comprises providing the command to the grid interface switched mode power converter to operate in the voltage droop control mode.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the command is provided in response to a detected Alternating Current (AC) voltage level.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the grid interface switched mode power converter adjusts or holds the voltage while operating at a switching frequency of 10 kilohertz or higher.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
operating DC meter circuitry of the PER to measure DC power; and
operating Alternating Current (AC) meter circuitry of the PER to measure real and reactive AC power.
18. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the control input comprises a first control input, and
wherein the method further comprises providing a second control input to a switch to disconnect the PER from a secondary side of a distribution transformer.
19. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the control input comprises a first control input, and
wherein the method further comprises providing a second control input to a switch to island the PER from an Alternating Current (AC) side of a grid.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the regulating comprises operating a grid interface switched mode power converter of the PER as a voltage source to regulate the voltage of the DC bus, while the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters operates in a current source mode or in a voltage source mode.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein the regulating comprises operating a grid interface switched mode power converter of the PER to process current into and out of the DC bus, while an energy storage switched mode power converter of the plurality of switched mode DC-to-DC power converters operates as a voltage source to regulate the voltage of the DC bus.
22. The PER of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of DERs are each outside of the housing.
23. The PER of claim 2 , wherein the PER is configured to use the synthetic inertia to jumpstart the distribution grid after an outage of the distribution grid.