Cathode catalyst, cathode material using the same, and reactor using the same
A cathode catalyst used for conversion of a carbon dioxide gas by an electrochemical reduction includes at least one first catalyst layer and at least one second catalyst layer disposed on a surface of the at least one first catalyst layer. The at least one second catalyst layer is a porous structure. The at least one first catalyst layer and the at least one second catalyst layer are physically combined with each other, and materials of the at least one first catalyst layer and the at least one second catalyst layer are different. A cathode material and a reactor include the cathode catalyst are also provided.
1. A reactor adapted for conversion of a carbon dioxide gas by an electrochemical reduction, the reactor comprising:
a cavity;
a solid electrolyte separator disposed in the cavity and dividing the cavity into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber;
an anode disposed in the anode chamber; and
a cathode comprising a cathode catalyst and disposed in the cathode chamber, the cathode catalyst comprising:
a plurality of first catalyst layers, wherein each of the plurality of first catalyst layers is a single integral and continuous gapless layer; and
a plurality of second catalyst layers being porous, wherein a material of the plurality of first catalyst layers is different from a material of the plurality of second catalyst layers; the material of the plurality of first catalyst layers is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, indium, tin, lead, bismuth, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold; and the plurality of first catalyst layers and the plurality of second catalyst layers are alternately stacked on each other.
2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a porous diffusion electrode comprising a porous diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer disposed on a surface of the porous diffusion layer.
3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a porosity rate of the plurality of second catalyst layers is in a range from approximately 40% to approximately 90%.
4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of micropores are defined in the plurality of second catalyst layers, and diameters of the plurality of micropores are in a range from approximately 10 nanometers to approximately 10 micrometers.
5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein thicknesses of the plurality of first catalyst layers are in a range from approximately 100 nanometers to approximately 200 micrometers.
6. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the material of the plurality of second catalyst layers is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, indium, tin, lead, bismuth, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold.
7. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first catalyst layers is a copper foil, and the material of the plurality of second catalyst layers is tin.
8. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the cathode catalyst consists of a plurality of copper foils and a plurality of tin layers.
9. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first catalyst layers is a single integral and continuous gapless copper foil.
10. A reactor adapted for conversion of a carbon dioxide gas by an electrochemical reduction, the reactor comprising:
a cavity;
a solid electrolyte separator disposed in the cavity and dividing the cavity into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber;
an anode disposed in the anode chamber; and
a cathode comprising a cathode catalyst and disposed in the cathode chamber, the cathode catalyst comprising:
a plurality of first catalyst layers, wherein each of the plurality of first catalyst layers is a single integral and continuous gapless copper foil; and
a plurality of second catalyst layers, wherein a material of the plurality of first catalyst layers is different from a material of the plurality of second catalyst layers.
11. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of first catalyst layers and the plurality of second catalyst layers are alternately stacked on each other.
12. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein a porosity rate of the plurality of second catalyst layers is in a range from approximately 40% to approximately 90%.
13. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein a plurality of micropores are defined in the plurality of second catalyst layers, and diameters of the plurality of micropores are in a range from approximately 10 nanometers to approximately 10 micrometers.
14. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the material of the plurality of first catalyst layers is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, indium, tin, lead, bismuth, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold.
15. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the material of the plurality of second catalyst layers is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, indium, tin, lead, bismuth, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold.
16. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of first catalyst layers is a copper foil, and the material of the plurality of second catalyst layers is tin.
17. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the cathode catalyst consists of a plurality of copper foils and a plurality of tin layers.
18. A reactor adapted for conversion of a carbon dioxide gas by an electrochemical reduction, the reactor comprising:
a cavity;
a solid electrolyte separator disposed in the cavity and dividing the cavity into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber;
an anode disposed in the anode chamber; and
a cathode comprising a cathode catalyst and disposed in the cathode chamber, the cathode catalyst comprising:
a plurality of copper foils; and
a plurality of tin layers being porous.
19. The reactor of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of copper foils and the plurality of tin layers are alternately stacked on each other.