Methods and kits for diagnosing, assessing or quantitating drug use, drug abuse and narcosis, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy, schizophrenia spectrum disorders and alcohol consumption
The invention provides methods for diagnosing, assessing or quantitating drug use, drug abuse or narcosis or for differentiating drug use, drug abuse or narcosis from brain injury in a subject by tracking eye movement of at least one eye of the subject, analyzing eye movement of at least one eye of the subject, comparing eye movement of at least one eye of the subject the normal or mean eye movement; and, optionally calculating a standard deviation or p value for eye movement of at least one eye of the subject as compared to the normal or mean eye movement.
1. A method for diagnosing, assessing or quantitating drug use, drug abuse or narcosis in a subject comprising:
a) tracking eye pupil movement of at least one of a first eye and a second eye of the subject using a device suitable for tracking eye pupil movement;
b) analyzing eye pupil movement of the at least one of the first eye and the second eye of the subject using a computer in electronic communication with the device suitable for tracking eye pupil movement;
c) generating a box plot that reflects a trajectory traveled of each of the at least one of the first eye and the second eye in response to a visual stimuli, the box plot having four segments that represent different directions;
d) comparing eye pupil movement of the at least one of the first eye and the second eye of the subject to a normal or mean eye pupil movement;
e) calculating a standard deviation or p value for eye pupil movement of the at least one of the first eye and the second eye of the subject as compared to the normal or mean eye pupil movement; and
f) calculating a plurality of velocities including a segment velocity of eye pupil movement in each of the four segments of the box plot, and comparing a first segment velocity of eye pupil movement with other segment velocities of the four segments.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein eye pupil movement of the first eye and the second eye of the subject are tracked and analyzed.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein both x and y coordinates of eye position for the first eye and the second eye of the subject are collected.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the eye pupil movement is tracked for at least about 100 or more seconds.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the tracking, analyzing and comparing comprises collecting raw x and y Cartesian coordinates of pupil position, normalizing the raw x and y Cartesian coordinates, and sorting data by eye.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the x and y Cartesian coordinates of pupil position represent two components of an instantaneous angle of pupil reflection.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the analyzing and comparing comprises calculating velocity of the eye pupil movement.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the comparing eye pupil movement of at least one of the first eye and the second eye of the subject to a normal or mean eye pupil movement comprises comparing eye pupil movement of at least one of the first eye and the second eye of the subject to the eye pupil movement of an eye of one or more other subjects or controls.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of determining the presence of drug use, drug abuse or narcosis in the subject if the segment velocity in one of the four segments is less than a segment velocity in others of the four segments.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the comparing further comprises comparing the segment velocity of eye pupil movement in each of the four segments to control velocities for each of the four segments.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of determining the presence of drug use, drug abuse or narcosis in the subject based on the shape of the box plot.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein comparing a first segment velocity of eye pupil movement with other segment velocities of the four segments includes comparing segment velocities of the first eye pupil to other segment velocities of the first eye pupil.
13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of temporally calibrating pupil movement by predicting positions of the eye pupil based on time elapsed since a start of the visual stimuli.