Optical encoder for detecting crown movement
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical encoder for an electronic device. The optical encoder comprises an elongated shaft having an encoding pattern made up of axial markings and radial markings. The encoding pattern may be disposed around a circumference of the elongated shaft. The optical encoder also includes an optical sensor. In embodiments, the optical sensor includes an emitter and a photodiode array. The emitter causes light to shine on the encoding pattern. The encoding pattern reflects the light back to the photodiode array and the photodiode array determines movement of the shaft based on the reflected light.
1. A wearable device, comprising:
a housing;
a display mounted to the housing and viewable by a user;
a shaft extending through the housing and having a set of surface forms thereon, the set of surface forms being a byproduct of forming the shaft;
a crown attached to an end of the shaft and operable by the user to rotate the shaft about an axis of the shaft;
a light emitter disposed at a first position along, and spaced apart from, the shaft, the light emitter configured to emit light toward and along the shaft;
an array of photodiodes disposed at a second position along, and spaced apart from, the shaft, the array of photodiodes comprising different photodiodes that extend along an axial dimension of the shaft and different photodiodes that extend across a radial dimension of the shaft;
a processor configured to analyze changes in an output of the array of photodiodes, and to determine a direction of rotation of the shaft; wherein:
the light emitted by the light emitter is diffusely reflected by the set of surface forms and received by the array of photodiodes; and
a change in the diffusely reflected light due to rotation of the shaft produces a corresponding change in the output of the array of photodiodes.
2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the light emitter and the array of photodiodes are aligned along a second axis parallel to the axis of the shaft.
3. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output of the array of photodiodes is a current generated by at least a portion of the array of photodiodes.
4. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein:
the housing forms at least part of a sealed cavity disposed around the shaft; and
the crown is exterior to the sealed cavity.
5. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein:
the array of photodiodes is configured in four quadrants;
a first quadrant and a second quadrant are axially aligned with respect to the axis of the shaft; and
a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant are axially aligned with respect to the axis of the shaft, and not axially aligned with the first quadrant and the second quadrant.
6. The wearable device of claim 5 , wherein the change in the output of the array of photodiodes due to rotation of the shaft comprises at least one of: a change in current values generated by the first quadrant or the second quadrant, or a change in current values generated by the third quadrant or the fourth quadrant.
7. The wearable device of claim 5 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a speed of the rotation of the shaft using the change in the output of the array of photodiodes.
8. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to adjust an image on the display based on the direction of rotation of the shaft.
9. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of markings alternating axially along the shaft between a light marking and a dark marking.
10. The wearable device of claim 9 , wherein a change in the diffusely reflected light due to a translational movement of the shaft produces a change in the output of the array of photodiodes.
11. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing;
a shaft extending through the housing and having a set of surface forms thereon, the set of surface forms being a byproduct of forming the shaft;
a crown attached to an end of the shaft and operable by a user to rotate the shaft about an axis of the shaft;
a light emitter disposed at a first position adjacent to the shaft and configured to emit light toward and axially along the shaft;
an array of photodiodes positioned adjacent to the shaft and arranged in four quadrants, the array of photodiodes comprising different photodiodes that extend along an axial dimension of the shaft and different photodiodes that extend across a radial dimension of the shaft; and
a processor configured to analyze changes in respective outputs of each of the four quadrants of the array of photodiodes, and to determine a direction of rotation of the shaft based on the changes; wherein:
the light emitted by the light emitter is diffusely reflected by the set of surface forms and received by the array of photodiodes; and
changes in the diffusely reflected light due to rotation of the shaft produce a change in the respective output of at least one quadrant of the four quadrants.
12. The electronic device of claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a speed of the rotation of the shaft based on the changes in the respective outputs.
13. The electronic device of claim 11 , wherein the respective outputs of the four quadrants are respective currents generated by the photodiodes in the four quadrants.
14. The electronic device of claim 11 , wherein:
a first quadrant and a second quadrant are axially aligned with respect to the axis of the shaft; and
a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant are axially aligned with respect to the axis of the shaft.
15. The electronic device of claim 14 , wherein the change in the respective output of at least one quadrant comprises at least one of: a change in at least one current of the first quadrant or the second quadrant; or a change in at least one current of the third quadrant or the fourth quadrant.
16. The electronic device of claim 15 , further comprising a plurality of markings alternating axially along the shaft between a light marking and a dark marking, wherein a change in the diffusely reflected light due to translational movement of the shaft produces a change in the output of the array of photodiodes.
17. The electronic device of claim 16 , wherein the change in the output of the array of photodiodes due to the change in the diffusely reflected light comprises at least one of: a change in at least one current of the first quadrant or the third quadrant; or a change in at least one current of the second quadrant or the fourth quadrant.
18. A method for detecting rotational movement of a shaft contained within an electronic device, comprising:
emitting light from a light source axially along the shaft, the light source being positioned adjacent to the shaft;
receiving, on a photodiode array, light reflected from surface forms on the shaft, wherein:
the surface forms are a byproduct of forming the shaft; and
photodiodes in the photodiode array are arranged in four quadrants, the photodiode array comprising different photodiodes that extend along an axial dimension of the shaft and different photodiodes that extend across a radial dimension of the shaft;
receiving, at a processor, respective signals related to outputs from each of the four quadrants; and
analyzing, by the processor, changes in the respective signals to determine a direction of rotation of the shaft; wherein:
the light reflected from the surface forms is diffusely reflected light.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
determining a speed of the rotation of the shaft based on the changes in the respective signals.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the respective signals correspond to currents generated by the four quadrants.