Methods for producing multifunctional catalysts for upgrading pyrolysis oil
A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.
1. A multifunctional catalyst produced by a method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil, the method comprising:
contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprising a heteropolyacid and the zeolite support comprising a molar ratio of silica to alumina of from 10 to 70, where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;
removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; and
calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor at a temperature of at least 500 degrees Celsius to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support, and
where the multifunctional catalyst has an acidity of less than 10,000 micromoles of ammonia per gram (μmol(NH 3 )/g).
2. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the first metal catalyst comprises molybdenum and the second metal catalyst comprises cobalt.
3. The multifunctional catalyst of either of claim 1 , further comprising phosphorous deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.
4. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the multifunction catalyst has a BET surface area of less than or equal to 400 meters squared per gram (m 2 /g).
5. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the heteropolyacid comprises phosphormolybdic heteropolyacid having formula H 3 PMo 12 O 40 .
6. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the heteropolyacid comprises decamolybdodicobaltate heteropolyacid.
7. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the zeolite support comprises a nano beta zeolite having an average pore size of less than or equal to 2 micrometers.
8. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the solution includes from 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 20 wt. % of the first metal catalyst precursor.
9. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the solution includes from 1 wt. % to 20 wt. % of the second metal catalyst precursor.
10. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the solution does not include an organic compound.
11. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the first metal of the first metal precursor consists of molybdenum.
12. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the second metal of the second metal precursor consists of cobalt.
13. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the multifunctional catalyst has an acidity of from 1000 μmol(NH 3 )/g to 5000 μmol(NH 3 )/g.
14. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the multifunctional catalyst does not include a binder or a matrix.
15. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 1 , in which the heteropolyacid comprises at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, silicon, germanium, arsenic, and combinations of these.