Methods for reacting chemical streams with catalysts comprising silica, alumina, and tungsten
One or more embodiments presently disclosed is directed to a method for reacting a chemical stream which may include contacting the chemical stream with a catalyst to produce a product stream. The catalyst may include alumina, silica, and a catalytically active compound such as tungsten.
1. A method for reacting a chemical stream, the method comprising:
contacting the chemical stream with a catalyst to produce a product stream, wherein the chemical stream comprises at least 2-butene and the product stream comprises at least propylene which is the result of both isomerization and metathesis of at least the 2-butene;
wherein the contacting of the chemical stream with the catalyst is at a temperature of less than 500° C.; and
wherein the catalyst is produced by a method comprising:
generating an aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles, wherein the catalyst support particles comprise from 0.1 weight percent to less than 5 weight percent alumina and from 95 weight percent to 99.9 weight percent silica based on the total weight of the catalyst support particles;
heating a catalytically active compound precursor comprising tungsten to produce a catalytically active compound precursor vapor;
contacting the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles with the catalytically active compound precursor vapor; and
condensing the catalytically active compound precursor to produce the catalyst comprising a catalytically active compound deposited on surfaces of the catalyst support particles.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical stream comprises at least 5 mol. % 2-butene.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the product stream comprises at least 10 mol. % propylene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical stream has a space velocity of at least 1000/hour.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst can be utilized to both metathesize and isomerize a stream comprising 2-butene to a stream comprising propene with a 12 mol. % yield of propene at a reaction temperature of less than 500° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 2 weight percent to 11 weight percent of the catalytically active compound based on the total weight of the catalyst.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active compound precursor vaporizes or decomposes into a vapor at a temperature of from 150° C. to 1500° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles is contacted with the catalytically active compound precursor vapor at a temperature of from 600° C. to 1450° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles with the catalytically active compound precursor vapor at ambient pressure and cooling the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles and the catalytically active compound precursor vapor to a temperature of less than 120° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles with the catalytically active compound precursor vapor at atmospheric pressure.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active compound precursor vapor forms clusters, particles, or both and the clusters, particles, or both deposited onto the surfaces of the catalyst support particles.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating an aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles comprises:
aerosolizing a catalyst support precursor mixture comprising a catalyst support precursor and a diluent; and
drying the aerosolized catalyst support precursor mixture to produce the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles.
13. A method for reacting a chemical stream, the method comprising:
contacting the chemical stream with a catalyst to produce a product stream, wherein
the chemical stream comprises at least 2-butene and the product stream comprises at least propylene which is the result of both isomerization and metathesis of at least the 2-butene of the chemical stream;
the catalyst comprises a silica and alumina support and less than 5 weight percent tungsten, based on the total weight of the catalyst;
the tungsten is distributed within the silica and alumina support;
the contacting of the chemical stream with the catalyst is at a temperature of less than 500° C.; and
the catalyst is produced by a process comprising:
forming a catalyst precursor mixture comprising a diluent and a catalyst precursor, the catalyst precursor comprising a tungsten precursor, an alumina precursor, and a silica precursor;
aerosolizing the catalyst precursor mixture;
drying the aerosolized catalyst precursor mixture to form a dried catalyst precursor; and
reacting the dried catalyst precursor to yield the catalyst, the catalyst comprising a silica or silica and alumina support comprising tungsten distributed within the silica and alumina support, and wherein the weight ratio of alumina to silica is from 0.1:99.9 to less than 5:95.
14. The method of claim 13 where the silica precursor comprises fumed silica.
15. The method of claim 13 where the alumina precursor comprises aluminum nitrate.
16. The method of claim 13 where the catalyst precursor mixture is aerosolized in a nebulizing unit.