Method and measuring assembly for monitoring a line

1. A method for monitoring a line having a measuring conductor, which comprises the steps of:

feeding a measurement signal into the measuring conductor at a starting time, and when a disruption point is present a measurement is at least partially reflected at the disruption point;

monitoring the measuring conductor for a reflected signal portion;

generating a digital stop signal when a threshold value is exceeded each time;

registering and evaluating a transit time between the starting time and the digital stop signal;

carrying out a plurality of individual measurements within a scope of one measuring cycle, and the measurement signal is fed in at each individual measurement, wherein the threshold value is varied for various individual measurements, wherein after a first stop signal has been registered at a first individual measurement, performing a second individual measurement, wherein at the second individual measurement a measuring dead time is predefined which is longer than a transit time which is registered for the first stop signal at the first individual measurement, with a result that the reflected signal portion which is assigned to the first stop signal is not registered at the second individual measurement, wherein the measuring dead time is respectively adapted to the transit time of the stop signal which is registered at a preceding individual measurement;

acquiring a plurality of stop signals with different transit times by means of a plurality of individual measurements, wherein at each of the individual measurements the threshold value which is set and the transit time which is associated with the threshold value are recorded as a value pair;

acquiring a signal profile from a plurality of value pairs;

generating a stop pattern which characterizes the line by the plurality of stop signals; and

comparing the stop pattern with a reference pattern for a normal state of the line and is checked for a deviation, the stop pattern and the reference pattern have a plurality of reflected portions which are each generated by the disruption point, and the stop pattern and the reference pattern are formed by the stop signals with the different transit times.

2. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises carrying out the measuring cycle with a plurality of successive individual measurements, with a result that the plurality of stop signals with the different transit times are acquired, wherein the plurality of stop signals extend over a range which is at least 10% of a maximum total transit time which the measurement signal takes to travel from a feeding in location as far as a line end and back to the feeding in location.

3. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises varying the threshold value over a range which corresponds to at least 0.5 times an amplitude of the measurement signal.

4. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises registering rising and falling edges in the signal profile by means of the measuring dead time in combination with a variation of the threshold value.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein by varying the threshold value a triggering threshold, on a basis of which a measure of a magnitude of a characteristic impedance for the measurement signal is determined, is acquired.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement signal has a signal duration which corresponds to at least twice a signal transit time through the line, with a result that the reflected portion is superimposed on the measurement signal.

7. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises varying a signal duration of the measurement signal for the individual measurements.

8. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises generating a time-measuring pattern with a plurality of lines, wherein the transit times of the stop signals of a defined threshold value, which is different from line to line, are stored in each line.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reference pattern is acquired by means of a reference measurement on a basis of the line in an initial state, and the stop pattern is subsequently measured.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reference pattern is stored in a coded form.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a measuring conductor contains a lead and insulation which surrounds the lead and which has a temperature-dependent dielectric constant, with a result that a change in temperature gives rise to a changed transit time of the reflected portion, which change is evaluated with respect to a temperature load, wherein a changed temperature load is inferred from a chronological shift of the stop signal with respect to a reference duration.

12. The method according to claim 11 , which further comprises measuring an extent of the chronological shift, and an extent of the changed temperature load is acquired from the extent of the chronological shift.

13. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises registering an external state variable which changes along the line.

14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reference pattern is acquired by means of a reference measurement on a basis of the line in an initial state, and the stop pattern is subsequently measured repeatedly during an operating time.

15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the external state variable is a filling level.

16. A measuring assembly for monitoring a line, the measuring assembly comprising:

a measuring conductor;

a measuring unit, when said measuring conductor is connected to said measuring unit, said measuring unit is configured:

to feed a measurement signal into said measuring conductor at a starting time;

to monitor a portion reflected at a disruption point;

to generate a digital stop signal in each case when a threshold value is exceeded;

to register a transit time between the starting time and a stop signal;

to evaluate the transit time;

to carry out a plurality of individual measurements within a scope of one measuring cycle, and the measurement signal is to feed in at each individual measurement, wherein the threshold value is varied for various individual measurements, wherein after a first stop signal has been registered at a first individual measurement, performing a second individual measurement, wherein at the second individual measurement a measuring dead time is predefined which is longer than a transit time which is registered for the first stop signal at the first individual measurement, with a result that the reflected signal portion which is assigned to the first stop signal is not registered at the second individual measurement, wherein the measuring dead time is respectively adapted to the transit time of the stop signal which is registered at a preceding individual measurement;

to acquire a plurality of stop signals with different transit times by means of a plurality of individual measurements, wherein at each of the individual measurements the threshold value which is set and the transit time which is associated with the threshold value are recorded as a value pair, and a signal profile is acquired from the plurality of value pairs; and

to generate a stop pattern which characterizes the line by means of a plurality of stop signals, and to compare the stop pattern with a reference pattern for a normal state of the line and to check it for a deviation, wherein the stop pattern and the reference pattern have a plurality of reflected portions which are each generated by the disruption point, and the stop pattern and the reference pattern are formed by stop signals with different transit times.

17. The measuring assembly according to claim 16 , wherein said measuring unit is integrated into a plug of said line, a control unit of an on-board power system or into a measuring device.

18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring dead time is selected to be long enough so that no further stop signal occurs at a set threshold value.