Electrochemical sensors and methods for making electrochemical sensors using advanced printing technology
A sensor can be manufactured by printing a working electrode onto a substrate using aerosol jet printing. Sensing chemistry (e.g., enzyme-based ink that including detection chemistry) also can be printed onto the working electrode using aerosol jet printing. A reference electrode also can be printed on the substrate at a position spaced along the substrate from the working electrode. In certain examples, the substrate can be positioned within a lumen of a skin piercing member of a sensor module.
1. A sensor comprising:
a skin piercing member having a skin piercing end positioned opposite from a base end, the skin piercing member defining a lumen that extends along a lumen axis from the skin piercing end toward the base end;
a blood sample analysis zone located within the lumen of the skin piercing member; and
an elongated sensing component positioned within the lumen, the elongated sensing component including elongated working and reference electrodes printed on an elongated spacer having a length that extends along the lumen axis, at least a section of each of the working and reference electrodes being positioned within the analysis zone, the elongated spacer having a transverse cross-sectional shape including a flat middle portion and ball-shaped ends each having a larger thickness than the flat middle portion.
2. The sensor of claim 1 , further including a counter electrode defined by the skin piercing member.
3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the counter electrode is not a combined reference/counter electrode.
4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is an aerosol jet printed electrode.
5. The sensor of claim 4 , wherein the reference electrode is an aerosol jet printed electrode.
6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the elongated sensing component includes aerosol jet printed sensing chemistry.
7. The sensor of claim 6 , wherein the aerosol jet printed sensing chemistry covers the working electrode.
8. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the aerosol jet printed sensing chemistry covers the reference electrode.
9. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode and the reference electrode are printed on one side of the elongated spacer.
10. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode, the reference electrode and a counter electrode are printed on the elongated spacer.
11. The sensor of claim 10 , wherein the working electrode, the reference electrode and the counter electrode are printed on one side of the elongated spacer.
12. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working and reference electrodes are printed on opposite sides of the flat middle portion.
13. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode, the reference electrode and a counter electrode are printed on one side of the flat middle portion.
14. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the skin piercing member defines a capillary flow stop and also includes a vent.
15. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is printed on a first side of the elongated spacer and the reference electrode is printed on an opposite second side of the elongated spacer.
16. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode includes electrically conductive particles of micrometer or nanometer size deposited on the elongated spacer.
17. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode has a honeycomb pattern and the sensing chemistry is disposed within cells of the honeycomb pattern.
18. The sensor of claim 17 , wherein a diffusive membrane or coating is disposed over the working electrode to cover the sensing chemistry within the cells.
19. A sensor comprising:
a skin piercing member having a skin piercing end positioned opposite from a base end, the skin piercing member defining a lumen that extends along a lumen axis from the skin piercing end toward the base end;
a blood sample analysis zone located within the lumen of the skin piercing member; and
an elongated sensing component positioned within the lumen, the elongated sensing component including elongated working and reference electrodes applied to an elongated spacer having a length that extends along the lumen axis, at least a section of each of the working and reference electrodes being positioned within the analysis zone, and wherein the elongated spacer is a ribbon having a profiled transverse cross-sectional shape that includes a flat middle portion and enlarged, rounded ends, the profiled transverse cross-sectional shape being symmetrical about an axis perpendicular to the length of the elongated spacer.
20. The sensor of claim 19 , wherein the working and reference electrodes are printed on opposite sides of the flat middle portion.
21. The sensor of claim 19 , wherein the working electrode, the reference electrode and a counter electrode are printed on one side of the flat middle portion.