Plasmonic PHOLED arrangement for displays
Device structures are provided that include one or more plasmonic OLEDs and zero or more non-plasmonic OLEDs. Each plasmonic OLED includes an enhancement layer that includes a plasmonic material which exhibits surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to an organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons in the plasmonic OLED.
1. A device comprising:
a first plasmonic organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack, the first plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
a first electrode;
a first charge generation layer; and
a first organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first electrode, the first organic emissive layer comprising a first organic emissive material, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material; and
a second plasmonic OLED stack, disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED stack, the second plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
the first charge generation layer;
a second charge generation layer; and
a second organic emissive layer comprising a second organic emissive material, disposed between the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first charge generation layer or the second charge generation layer, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material;
and
a first non-plasmonic OLED stack disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLED stacks, the first non-plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
the second charge generation layer;
a second electrode; and
a third organic emissive layer disposed between the second charge generation layer and the second electrode;
wherein:
the first non-plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second electrode,
the second plasmonic OLED is disposed over the first non-plasmonic OLED, and
the first plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second plasmonic OLED.
2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a down-conversion layer disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLEDs.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an outcoupling layer disposed in a stack with the first electrode and the second electrode.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the outcoupling layer comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of: a grating; a corrugated layer; a nanopatch antenna; a nanoparticle outcoupling structure; and a through-hole array.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first organic emissive layer and the second organic emissive layer comprises a plurality of emissive materials.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first organic emissive material or the second organic emissive material comprises a blue emissive material.
7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one color filter disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLEDs.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of color filters, each being of a different color.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second plasmonic OLED.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate;
wherein the first and second plasmonic OLEDs are disposed over a first side of the substrate.
11. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a radiation pattern modifying element disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the device comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and different types of radiation pattern modifying elements are disposed over different colors of sub-pixels.
13. The device of claim 10 , further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of: a color filter, a down conversion layer, an up conversion layer, and a radiation pattern modifying element, wherein the at least one component is disposed on an opposite side of the substrate from the OLED stacks.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first organic emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent emissive material, a fluorescent emissive material, or a thermally-activated delayed fluorescent (TAD) material.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second organic emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent emissive material, a fluorescent emissive material, or a thermally-activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material.
16. A device comprising:
a first plasmonic organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack, the first plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
a first electrode;
a first charge generation layer; and
a first organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first electrode, the first organic emissive layer comprising a first organic emissive material, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material; and
a second plasmonic OLED stack, disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED stack, the second plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
the first charge generation layer;
a second charge generation layer; and
a second organic emissive layer comprising a second organic emissive material, disposed between the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first charge generation layer, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material;
and
a first non-plasmonic OLED stack disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLED stacks, the first non-plasmonic OLED stack comprising:
the second charge generation layer;
a second electrode; and
a third organic emissive layer disposed between the second charge generation layer and the second electrode;
wherein the first non-plasmonic OLED is disposed between the first and second plasmonic OLEDs.