Earth to orbit transportation system
Various embodiments of space launch vehicle systems and associated methods of manufacture and use are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the systems include a reusable, horizontal takeoff/horizontal landing (HTHL), ground-assisted single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that is capable of providing frequent deliveries of people and/or cargo to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In some embodiments, the spaceplane can takeoff with the aid of a rocket-powered sled that, in addition to providing additional thrust for takeoff, can also provide propellant for the spaceplane engines during the takeoff run so that the spaceplane launches with full propellant tanks.
1. A method of operating a reusable space vehicle, the method comprising:
releasably attaching the space vehicle to a launch sled;
igniting one or more rocket engines on the launch sled;
igniting one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle;
providing propellant from one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the space vehicle and to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled, while the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle and the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled provide thrust for launch of the space vehicle; and
returning a portion of the propellant from the space vehicle to the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled as the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle provide thrust for launch of the space vehicle.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
accelerating the launch sled toward a takeoff speed of the space vehicle;
at or near the takeoff speed, ceasing to provide propellant from the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the space vehicle; and
releasing the space vehicle from the launch sled.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising, at or near the takeoff speed, providing propellant from one or more propellant tanks on the space vehicle to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the space vehicle is configured to fly into space, orbit the Earth, and then reenter the Earth's atmosphere, and wherein the method further comprises:
flying the vehicle toward a landing site;
deploying a landing gear on the vehicle; and
horizontally landing the vehicle on the landing gear at the landing site.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled includes an oxidizer tank, and wherein providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled includes providing oxidizer from the oxidizer tank to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled includes a fuel tank, and wherein providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled includes providing fuel from the fuel tank to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled include an oxidizer tank and a fuel tank, and wherein providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks includes providing oxidizer from the oxidizer tank and fuel from the fuel tank to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle and to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the launch sled includes a first oxidizer tank and a second oxidizer tank, and wherein providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks includes providing oxidizer from the first oxidizer tank to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and providing oxidizer from the second oxidizer tank to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the launch sled includes a first fuel tank and a second fuel tank, and wherein providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks includes providing fuel from the first fuel tank to the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and providing fuel from the second fuel tank to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to igniting the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle, releasably attaching a propellant umbilical between the launch sled and the space vehicle, wherein providing propellant from one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the space vehicle includes flowing the propellant through the propellant umbilical;
after igniting the one or more rocket engines on the launch sled and the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle, accelerating the launch sled toward a takeoff speed of the space vehicle;
at or near the takeoff speed, disconnecting the propellant umbilical from the space vehicle; and
releasing the space vehicle from the launch sled.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein releasably attaching the space vehicle to the launch sled includes releasably coupling one or more support arms extending from the launch sled to the vehicle, and wherein the method further comprises:
supporting the space vehicle solely by the one or more support arms.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising rotating the one or more support arms relative to the launch sled to increase an angle of attack of the space vehicle.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to releasably attaching the space vehicle to the launch sled, rolling the vehicle onto the launch sled on a vehicle landing gear, wherein releasably attaching the space vehicle to the launch sled includes releasably coupling one or more support arms extending from the launch sled to the vehicle; and
retracting the vehicle landing gear so that the space vehicle is supported solely by the support arms.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, prior to retracting the vehicle landing gear, rotating the one or more support arms relative to the launch sled to raise the vehicle off of the landing gear.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing propellant from one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the space vehicle includes providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to one or more propellant tanks on the space vehicle that provide the propellant to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing propellant from one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the space vehicle includes providing propellant from the one or more propellant tanks on the launch sled to the one or more rocket engines on the space vehicle.