Autonomous apparatus for extracting water from the air
An apparatus for extracting water from ambient air is disclosed comprising an air duct for the process air, an air duct for the regeneration air and a sorption exchanger moving at least partially between the two air ducts. Additionally, in the air duct for the regeneration air, on the side facing the sorption exchanger outlet, a cooler is installed, and on the side facing its inlet, a heater is installed. The apparatus also comprises a closed refrigerant circuit. The cooler for cooling the regeneration air is a refrigerant evaporator and this cooler is, by the refrigerant piping via a compressor for the evaporated refrigerant suction and compression, connected to the regeneration air heater, where this heater for heating the regeneration air is a condenser for condensing the refrigerant vapor. The apparatus also comprises a subcooler for additional heat removal from the refrigerant.
1. An apparatus for extracting water from ambient air comprising:
two air ducts including an air duct for process air and an air duct for regeneration air, wherein the air duct for the process air has a process air inlet at one end of the air duct for the process air and a process air outlet at another end of the air duct for the process air, wherein the air duct for the regeneration air has a regeneration air inlet at one end of the air duct for the regeneration air and a regeneration air outlet at another end of the air duct for the regeneration air, and wherein the process air inlet, the process air outlet, the regeneration air inlet and the regeneration air outlet are connected to ambient environment;
a sorption exchanger positioned at least partially in at least one of the two air ducts and is movable in such a manner that at least a portion of a volume of the sorption exchanger is transferable between the two air ducts, wherein, in both of the two air ducts, a space for the sorption exchanger is allocated for placing the sorption exchanger;
a first suction device located in the air duct for the process air;
a second suction device located in the air duct for the regeneration air
in the air duct for the regeneration air, a heater for heating the regeneration air and a cooler configured to have a surface temperature below a dew point for cooling the regeneration air, the heater and the cooler being positioned in such a manner that the space for the sorption exchanger is located between the heater and the cooler, and the second suction device is located anywhere in the air duct for the regeneration air in such a manner that the second suction device is configured to draw air in a first direction from the heater to the cooler;
an element for collection of water condensed from the regeneration air;
a closed refrigerant circuit including a refrigerant and refrigerant piping, wherein the cooler for cooling the regeneration air is a refrigerant evaporator, and the cooler is interconnected by the refrigerant piping via a compressor for suction and compression of the evaporated refrigerant, with the heater for heating the regeneration air, wherein the heater for heating the regeneration air is a condenser for condensing refrigerant vapor; and
a subcooler for additional heat removal from the refrigerant, the subcooler being connected to the heater via the refrigerant piping and also being connected through an expansion valve to the cooler via the refrigerant piping.
2. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the air duct for the regeneration air is oriented in such a manner that the regeneration air inlet is closer to the process air outlet than to the process air inlet, and the first suction device is located in the air duct for the process air in such a manner that the first suction device is configured to draw air in a second direction from the process air inlet to the process air outlet and the second suction device is located in the air duct for regeneration air in such a manner that the second suction device is configured to draw air in a third direction from the regeneration air inlet to the regeneration air outlet.
3. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the air duct for process air is connectable with the air duct for the regeneration air by a connecting part, the connecting part comprising an openable flap for diverting air flow from the air duct for the regeneration air into the air duct for the process air,
wherein the connecting part with the flap opens into the air duct for the regeneration air in an area between the cooler and the regeneration air outlet,
wherein the connecting part with the flap opens into the air duct for the process air in an area between the space for the sorption exchanger and the process air inlet,
wherein the apparatus further comprises a measuring device for measuring water vapor content in both of the two air ducts, is the measuring device being further interconnected to a device for opening and closing the flap, the measuring device being connected in such a manner that the measuring device measures water vapor content in the air duct for the regeneration air between the cooler and the regeneration air outlet and in the air duct for the process air in the process air inlet,
wherein the regeneration air outlet is closable and is interconnected with a control device for opening and closing the regeneration air outlet, said control device for opening and closing the outlet being, directly or through other elements, interconnected with the device for opening and closing the flap or being interconnected with the measuring device for measuring water vapor content in both of the two air ducts.
4. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , further comprising a liquid and a liquid piping, wherein the liquid piping is separated from the refrigerant piping.
5. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 4 , wherein a first liquid-to-air heat exchanger is inserted in the air duct for the regeneration air and is located, in a direction of the air flow, downstream of the heater, said first liquid-to-air heat exchanger being further connected by the liquid piping to a heat accumulator.
6. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 5 , wherein solar thermal collectors and/or glazed solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors are connected to the heat accumulator by a liquid piping, wherein, in a case when the glazed solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors are present, the glazed solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors are electrically interconnected with a battery storage unit.
7. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 4 , wherein a second air-to-liquid heat exchanger is inserted into the air duct for the regeneration air and is located, in the direction of the air flow, downstream of the space for the sorption exchanger and concurrently upstream of the cooler, wherein the second air-to-liquid heat exchanger is connected by the liquid piping to a cold accumulator.
8. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 7 , wherein the cold accumulator is connected by the liquid piping to an outdoor liquid cooler and/or to large surface plate heat exchangers and/or to unglazed solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors, wherein, in a case when unglazed solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors are present, the unglazed solar photovoltaic/thermal collectors are concurrently electrically interconnected to a battery storage unit.
9. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 7 , wherein a third liquid-to-air exchanger is inserted in the air duct for the regeneration air downstream of the cooler in the direction of the airflow, said third liquid-to-air exchanger being connected to the cold accumulator by the liquid piping or directly to the second air-to-liquid heat exchanger.
10. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein a power of the second suction device is lower than a power of the first suction device.
11. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the subcooler is located in the air duct for the process air between the space for the sorption exchanger and the process air outlet.
12. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the first suction device is located between the space for the sorption exchanger and the process air outlet and the second suction the device is located between the cooler and the regeneration air outlet, and wherein in a case when a third liquid-to-air exchanger is present, the second suction device is located in the direction of the air flow, downstream of the third liquid-to-air exchanger and concurrently upstream of the regeneration air outlet.
13. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the sorption exchanger is rotary.
14. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 1 , wherein the element for the collection of the condensed water from the regeneration air on the cooler is a condensed water collecting vessel located below the cooler and/or below the second air-to-liquid heat exchanger.
15. The apparatus for extracting water from ambient air according to claim 10 , wherein the power of the second suction device is equal to one half to one quarter of the power of the first suction device.