Electrically or hybrid powered multirotor aircraft with optimized energy consumption
An electrically or hybrid powered multirotor aircraft with complete redundancy on all of its functions of lift, of propulsion, and of control, the aircraft having optimized energy consumption and comprising: a longitudinal structure having two longitudinal beams; a fuselage fastened to the longitudinal structure; two fixed wings serving essentially to provide the aircraft with lift in cruising flight and arranged at respective ends of the longitudinal structure and in a common first plane; at least six rotors serving essentially to provide the aircraft with lift during stages of takeoff and landing, the rotors being arranged in a common second plane distinct from the first plane and parallel to the first plane in such a manner as not to be situated vertically above or below a fixed wing; and two propulsion propellers. An electrical or hybrid power plant serves to drive the rotors and the propulsion propellers in rotation.
1. A multirotor aircraft comprising:
a longitudinal structure having two longitudinal ends;
a fuselage fastened to the longitudinal structure by links;
a set of fixed lift surfaces having two fixed wings generating the majority of the lift needed by the aircraft during a cruising stage;
a set of rotary lift surfaces having at least six rotors generating the majority of the lift needed by the aircraft during stages of takeoff and landing, the rotors being arranged on respective supports fastened to a fixed wing, each rotor being fastened in such a manner that each rotor is not situated vertically above or below a fixed wing;
a propulsion assembly comprising at least one propulsion propeller;
a power plant comprising a plurality of electric motors and at least one electrical energy source:
each electric motor driving a respective rotor or else a respective propulsion propeller; and
at least one electrical energy source comprising one or more electrical energy storage devices; and
an autopilot system for the aircraft;
one of the two fixed wings being rigidly fastened to a front longitudinal end of the longitudinal structure, the longitudinal structure extends mainly in a first plane,
wherein the other one of the two fixed wings is rigidly fastened to a rear longitudinal end of the longitudinal structure, and wherein the rotors are arranged in a common second plane distinct from the first plane.
2. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal structure is spaced apart from the fuselage, the longitudinal structure comprising two longitudinal beams extending in the first plane, at least one fixed wing being fastened to the longitudinal beams.
3. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal structure is spaced apart from the fuselage, the longitudinal structure comprising a rigid box extending in the first plane, at least one fixed wing being fastened to the rigid box.
4. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal structure is spaced apart from the fuselage and includes two connection beams that slope relative to the first plane, and one of the two fixed wings is fastened to first ends of the connection beams and is offset vertically relative to the first plane.
5. An aircraft, according to claim 4 , wherein, when the longitudinal structure comprises two longitudinal beams, a respective connection beam is rigidly fastened to each longitudinal beam, and the longitudinal structure includes a transverse beam connecting together the two longitudinal beams.
6. An aircraft, according to claim 4 , wherein, when the longitudinal structure comprises two longitudinal beams, one of the two longitudinal beams and one of the two connection beams together constitute a single part.
7. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein at least one fixed wing includes four movable flaps, with pairs of movable flaps being arranged transversely on either side of the longitudinal structure.
8. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein at least one fixed wing includes two vertical fins, each provided with at least one movable flap, the vertical fins being arranged at respective free ends of the fixed wing.
9. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the rotors are aligned along two longitudinal lines so as to limit the creation of aerodynamic drag.
10. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the rotors include respective ducts, each duct being connected to a respective one of the supports by one or more connection arms.
11. An aircraft, according to claim 10 , wherein the duct of each rotor includes a plurality of acoustic energy absorber systems.
12. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein an axis of rotation of the at least one propulsion propeller is arranged above the fixed wing, and is offset from the first plane and the second plane.
13. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the propulsion assembly comprises two propulsion propellers fastened to the longitudinal structure.
14. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein each electric motor of the power plant is air-cooled.
15. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the power plant comprises at least two independent electrical energy sources powering each of the electric motors, the at least two electrical energy sources being separated and isolated from each other so that an incident occurring on one of the electrical energy sources does not propagate to the other electrical energy source.
16. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the rotors are arranged so that two adjacent rotors are contra rotating.
17. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein the first plane is parallel to the second plane, and the first plane is fixed relative to the second plane.
18. An aircraft, according to claim 1 , wherein each support extends outwardly from one of the fixed wings to a distal end with the associated rotor mounted thereto.
19. A multirotor aircraft comprising:
a longitudinal structure extending in a first plane and having a front longitudinal end and a rear longitudinal end;
a fuselage spaced apart from the longitudinal structure and fastened to the longitudinal structure via links;
first and second fixed wings providing fixed lift surfaces to generate a majority of the lift needed by the aircraft during a cruising stage, the first fixed wing rigidly fastened to the front longitudinal end of the longitudinal structure, and the second fixed wing rigidly fastened to the rear longitudinal end of the longitudinal structure;
six rotors providing rotary lift surfaces to generate a majority of the lift needed by the aircraft during stages of takeoff and landing, the six rotors arranged in a common second plane distinct from and fixed relative to the first plane, each rotor directly mounted to an associated support fastened to one of the first and second fixed wings, each rotor being fastened in such a manner that each rotor is offset laterally from the fixed wings and is not situated vertically above or below the fixed wings;
a propulsion assembly comprising at least one propulsion propeller;
a power plant comprising a plurality of electric motors and at least one electrical energy source:
each electric motor driving a respective rotor or else a respective propulsion propeller; and
at least one electrical energy source comprising one or more electrical energy storage devices; and
an autopilot system for the aircraft;
wherein the first and second fixed wings are vertically offset from the six rotors and the second plane.
20. An aircraft, according to claim 19 , wherein each support extends outwardly from one of the fixed wings to a distal end with the associated rotor mounted thereto; and
wherein an axis of rotation of the at least one propulsion propeller is offset from the first plane and the second plane.