Methods for the in vitro manufacture of gastric fundus tissue and compositions related to same
The instant disclosure relates to methods for converting mammalian definitive endoderm (DE) cells into specific tissue(s) or organ(s) through directed differentiation. In particular, the disclosure relates to formation of gastric fundus tissue and/or organoids formed from differentiated definitive endoderm.
1. An in vitro method of inducing formation of a gastric fundus tissue comprising a functional fundic cell type, comprising the steps of:
a) contacting a mammalian definitive endoderm (DE) cell with a wnt activator, an FGF activator, a BMP inhibitor, and retinoic acid, for a first period, wherein said first period is for a length of time sufficient to form a three-dimensional posterior foregut spheroid from said definitive endoderm;
b) contacting said three-dimensional posterior foregut spheroid with a growth factor, said Wnt activator, an EGF signalling pathway activator, said BMP inhibitor, and retinoic acid for a second period, wherein said second period is for a length of time sufficient to induce a fundic lineage comprising human fundic-type gastric organoids (hFGOs);
c) culturing said hFGOs of step b) with said wnt activator and said EGF activator for a third period;
d) culturing said hFGOs of step c) with said wnt activator, said EGF activator, and FGF10 for a fourth period;
e) contacting said hFGOs of step d) with a MEK inhibitor for a fifth period, wherein said fifth period is for a period of time sufficient to form said gastric fundus tissue comprising a functional fundic cell type.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first period is three days±24 hours and wherein said retinoic acid is added for the third day of said period±24 hours.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second period is three days±24 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said third period is 11 days±24 hours.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fourth period is 10 days±24 hours.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fifth period is a two day period±24 hours.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein step e) further comprises the step of contacting said hFGOs with an activator of BMP4 signalling.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said functional fundic cell type is a parietal cell that expresses proton pump proteins and secretes acid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said functional fundic cell type is a chief cell that secretes pepsinogen.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step e) is carried out for a period of time sufficient to develop SOX2+GATA+PDX1− epithelium.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step d) and step e) are carried out for a period of time sufficient to confer stable expression of lineage markers MUC5AC, MUC6, PGC, and GHRL.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said definitive endoderm is derived from a precursor cell selected from an embryonic stem cell, an embryonic germ cell, and an induced pluripotent stem cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said definitive endoderm is derived from contacting a pluripotent stem cell with one or more molecules selected from Nodal, Activin A, Activin B, BMP4, Wnt3a, and combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said WNT is one or more molecules selected from Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11, and Wnt16.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said BMP inhibitor is selected from Noggin, Dorsomorphin, LDN189, DMH-1, and combinations thereof.
16. An in vitro method of forming a functional fundic cell type comprising the steps of:
a) contacting an hFGO with a wnt activator and an EGF activator for a first period, and
b) contacting the hFGO of step a) with a MEK inhibitor for a second period, wherein said first and second periods are carried out for a period of time sufficient to form a functional fundic cell type;
wherein said hFGO is obtained by contacting a three-dimensional posterior foregut spheroid with a growth factor, a wnt activator, an EGF activator, a BMP inhibitor, and retinoic acid for a period of time sufficient to convert said three-dimensional posterior foregut spheroid to said hFGO;
wherein said three-dimensional posterior foregut spheroids are obtained by contacting a mammalian DE cells with a wnt activator, an FGF activator, a BMP inhibitor, and retinoic acid.