Microfluidic process for treating and analysing a solution containing a biological material and corresponding microfluidic circuit

1. A microfluidic process for partitioning a solution, said microfluidic process comprising the steps of:

a. providing a microfluidic circuit, wherein microchannels suitable for containing fluids are defined, said circuit comprising at least one device for forming a plurality of droplets of a solution in a carrier fluid, and at least one storage zone, wherein:

said at least one device for forming droplets further comprises said microchannels, wherein each of said microchannels comprise wall portions that diverge to detach a droplet of said solution under the effect of surface tension of said solution;

b. filling the microfluidic circuit with the carrier fluid;

c. flowing the solution in the carrier fluid through the microchannels of the microfluidic circuit; and

d. flowing additional carrier fluid through the microchannels of the microfluidic circuit after flowing the solution,

thereby generating a plurality of droplets of said solution without losing a portion of the solution in microchannels.

2. The microfluidic process according to claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic process further comprises:

e. moving at least a portion of the plurality of droplets to the at least one storage zone in the microfluidic circuit, thereby concentrating the at least a portion of the plurality of droplets in said at least one storage zone.

3. A microfluidic process for analyzing a solution comprising at least one biological material, wherein said process comprises the steps of:

a. generating a plurality of droplets of said solution by partitioning the solution according to the microfluidic process of claim 2 ;

c. analyzing the plurality of droplets located in the at least one storage zone.

4. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one storage zone comprises, at least in part, a transparent material suitable for analyzing the plurality of droplets located in said at least one storage zone, from outside the microfluidic circuit.

5. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein analyzing the plurality of droplets is performed by fluorescence analysis, optical absorption analysis, colorimetric analysis or luminescence analysis.

6. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one biological material is selected from the group consisting of a polynucleotide, a chromosome, a cell, a protein, a peptide and combinations thereof.

7. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein each droplet of the plurality of droplets comprises, at most, a single biological material.

8. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein the solution further comprises at least one reagent selected from group consisting of an enzyme, a protein, a polynucleotide, a buffer, a small molecule, a dye and combinations thereof.

9. The microfluidic process according to claim 3 , wherein the process further comprises:

b. applying at least one treatment to the plurality of droplets located in the storage zone.

10. The microfluidic process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one treatment is selected from the group consisting of thermal treatment, biological treatment, chemical treatment, magnetic treatment, electrical treatment and light treatment.

11. The microfluidic process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one treatment is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

12. The microfluidic process according to claim 11 , wherein the PCR amplification is a digital polymerase chain reaction amplification (dPCR) or a reverse-transcription digital polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-dPCR).

13. A microfluidic process for detecting at least one nucleic acid target in a solution comprising at least one biological sample, wherein said process comprises the steps of:

a. generating a plurality of droplets of said solution by partitioning the solution according to the microfluidic process of claim 2 , wherein each droplet of the plurality of droplets comprises, at most, a single nucleic acid template and a mixture of at least one group of primer pairs or probes specific for the at least one nucleic acid target on the template,

b. amplifying the nucleic acid template in the plurality of droplets, and

c. analyzing the plurality of droplets located in the at least one storage zone.

14. The microfluidic process according to claim 13 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of droplets does not comprise any nucleic acid template.

15. The microfluidic process according to claim 13 , wherein each at least one group of primer pairs or probes each comprise at least one detectable label.

16. The microfluidic process according to claim 13 , wherein the process is for detecting a plurality of nucleic acid targets in a solution,

each droplet of the plurality of droplets comprises, at most, a single nucleic acid template and a heterogenous mixture of primer pairs and probes, each specific for multiple target sites on the template, and

each group of primer pairs and probes in heterogenous mixture comprise a different detectable label.

17. A microfluidic process for single-cell gene expression analysis, wherein said process comprises the steps of:

a. generating a plurality of droplets of said solution by partitioning the solution according to the microfluidic process of claim 2 , wherein each droplet of the plurality of droplets comprises, at most, a single cell and a mixture of at least one group of primer pairs or probes specific for the at least one mRNA sequence template,

b. lysing the single cell in the plurality of droplets, thereby releasing mRNAs,

c. reverse-transcribing the released mRNA sequence template in the plurality of droplets, and

d. analyzing the plurality of droplets located in the at least one storage zone.

18. The microfluidic process according to claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of droplets does not comprise any cell.

19. The microfluidic process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one storage zone is a zone wherein the droplets have a lower surface energy than in the adjacent zones.

20. The microfluidic process according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid filling the microfluidic circuit is substantially static and wherein the additional carrier fluid is injected so as to push back the solution to the chamber.