Fixing member, fixing unit, and image forming apparatus
A fixing member includes a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and including Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.
1. A fixing member comprising:
a substrate layer including a resin;
a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu;
a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and
an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.
2. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein the crystal orientation indexes of the second metal layer are 1.00 to 1.30 for the (111) plane, 1.00 to 1.40 for the (200) plane, and 0.80 or more and less than 1.10 for the (311) plane.
3. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first metal layer has crystal orientation indexes of 1.10 to 1.40 for a (111) plane, 0.20 to 1.70 for a (200) plane, and 0.30 to 1.50 for a (311) plane.
4. The fixing member according to claim 3 ,
wherein the crystal orientation indexes of the first metal layer are 1.10 to 1.25 for the (111) plane, 0.50 to 1.20 for the (200) plane, and 0.80 to 1.30 for the (311) plane.
5. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein ratios (Ni/Cu) of the crystal orientation index of the second metal layer to the crystal orientation index of the first metal layer with respect to the same crystal plane are 0.57 to 1.18 for the (111) plane, 0.47 to 7.50 for the (200) plane, and 0.47 to 4.33 for the (311) plane.
6. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein a thickness of the second metal layer is from 5 μm to 30 μm.
7. The fixing member according to claim 6 ,
wherein the thickness of the second metal layer is from 7 μm to 15 μm.
8. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein a thickness of the substrate layer is from 50 μm to 90 μm.
9. The fixing member according to claim 1 ,
wherein a ratio of a thickness of the substrate layer to a thickness of the second metal layer is from 3 to 13.
10. A fixing unit comprising:
the fixing member according to claim 1 ;
a pressurizing member that pressurizes an outer circumferential surface of the fixing member; and
an electromagnetic induction device that causes the first metal layer included in the fixing member to generate heat by electromagnetic induction,
wherein a recording medium which has an unfixed toner image formed on a surface thereof is sandwiched between the fixing member and the pressurizing member to fix the toner image on the recording medium.
11. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image holding member;
a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image holding member;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member with a toner to form a toner image;
a transferring unit that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the image holding member to a recording medium; and
the fixing unit according to claim 10 that fixes the toner image on the recording medium.