Composite cathode active material, and cathode and lithium battery comprising composite cathode active material

1. A composite cathode active material comprising:

a core comprising a lithium metal oxide; and

a coating layer on the core,

wherein the lithium metal oxide includes two or more transition metals including comprising nickel (Ni),

an amount of Ni comprised in one mole of the two or more transition metals is about 0.65 mol or greater, and

the coating layer has a multi-layer structure comprising:

a first coating layer on the core comprising crystalline LiF,

and a second coating layer over the first coating layer and the core, the second coating layer comprising a carbonaceous material.

2. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the second coating layer comprises a carbonized heat-treated electrolyte.

3. The composite cathode active material of claim 2 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises amorphous carbon.

4. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer is discontinuously disposed on the core.

5. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer completely covers the core.

6. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the coating layer is about 2 nm to about 500 nm.

7. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the second coating layer is about 1 nm to about 100 nm.

8. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer is a product of a reaction between a lithium metal oxide and a mixed solution comprising alcohol and an electrolyte solution.

9. The composite cathode active material of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte solution comprises a fluorine-containing lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent.

10. The composite cathode active material of claim 8 , wherein the coating layer is prepared by mixing the lithium metal oxide and the mixed solution to form a mixture and drying the mixture.

11. The composite cathode active material of claim 8 , wherein the coating layer is prepared by mixing the lithium metal oxide and the mixed solution to form a mixture, drying the mixture, and heat-treating the mixture.

12. The composite cathode active material of claim 11 , wherein the heat-treating is performed at a temperature of 400° C. to about 800° C.

13. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 1:

Li 1+a [Ni 1−x M x ]O 2−b X b   Formula 1

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35,

M is at least one selected from Al, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cr, Ga, Mo, W, Ti, Sc, V, Cr, Fe, B, Si, Ga, Ge, As, Zr, Ru, Rh, Pt, Ag, and Sn, and

X is F or S.

14. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 2:

Li 1+a [N 1−x−y Co x M′ y ]O 2−b X b   Formula 2

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.65≤1−x−y≤0.95,

M is at least one selected from Al, Mn, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cr, Ga, Mo, W, Ti, Sc, V, Cr, Fe, B, Si, Ga, Ge, As, Zr, Ru, Rh, Pt, Ag, and Sn, and

X is F or S.

15. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by one selected from Formula 3 to Formula 6:

Li 1+a [Ni 1−x−y Co x Mn y ]O 2−b X b   Formula 3

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.65≤1−x−y≤0.95, and

X is F or S;

Li 1+a [Ni 1−x−y Co x Al y ]O 2−b X b   Formula 4

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.65≤1−x−y≤0.95, and

X is F or S;

Li 1+a [Ni 1−x−y−z Co x Mn y Al z ]O 2−b X b   Formula 5

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.65≤1−x−y−z≤0.95, and

X is F or S;

Li 1+a [Ni 1−x−y−z−v Co x Mn y Al z Mg v ]O 2−b X b   Formula 6

wherein 0≤a≤0.2, 0.01≤b≤0.1, 0.01≤x≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.01≤y≤0.35, 0.01≤z≤0.35, 0.01≤v≤0.15, 0.65≤1−x−y−z−v≤0.95, and

X is F or S.

16. The composite cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the core is a secondary particle comprising a plurality of aggregated primary particles.

17. A cathode comprising the composite cathode active material of claim 1 .

18. A lithium battery comprising the cathode of claim 17 .