Bitter
Disclosed is a method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and relates to the field of drugs or health care products. The method includes: removing visible impurities from Ganoderma lucidum spores, conducting ice bath and heating extraction, filtering through a microfiltration membrane, sterilizing by drying, and conducting sporoderm disruption to obtain the bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The preparation method effectively improves the content of the bitter substances in the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder by removing shriveled spores through multiple times of impurity removal and filtration in combination with the manner of conducting sporoderm disruption after extraction. Taking the total Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids in the Ganoderma lucidum spores as a representative of the bitter substances, the content of the total Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids can reach 5-8%. Meanwhile, the preparation method can also make the content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides reaching 6-10%.
1. A method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, comprising the following steps:
(1) removing visible impurities from Ganoderma lucidum spores;
(2) ice bathing the Ganoderma lucidum spores obtained in step (1), then mixing the ice-bathed Ganoderma lucidum spores with water, and heating the mixture at 90-100° C. for 1.5-3 h to obtain a suspension of Ganoderma lucidum spores;
(3) filtering the suspension of Ganoderma lucidum spores obtained in step (2) through a microfiltration membrane, and collecting the filter residue with a particle diameter of more than 5 m and the filtrate with a particle diameter of less than 1 m;
(4) mixing the filter residue and filtrate obtained in step (3), and then drying and sterilizing the mixture; and
(5) conducting sporoderm disruption of the material sterilized in step (4) to obtain the bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
2. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1 , wherein the impurity removal manner of step (1) comprises: passing the Ganoderma lucidum spores through a 60-120 mesh sieve, mixing the sieved Ganoderma lucidum spores with water under stirring, standing to allow stratification, taking and centrifuging the suspension of the intermediate layer to obtain a precipitate, which is the impurity-removed Ganoderma lucidum spores.
3. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 2 , wherein the sieved Ganoderma lucidum spores were mixed with water at a mass to volume ratio of 1:5-12.
4. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 3 , wherein the centrifugation rate of the suspension of the intermediate layer is 800-1,200 rpm.
5. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1 , wherein the step of preparing the suspension of the Ganoderma lucidum spores described in step (2) is: ice bathing the Ganoderma lucidum spores obtained in step (1), then mixing the ice-bathed Ganoderma lucidum spores with water, heating the mixture at 90-100° C. for 1.5-3 h, and centrifuging the mixture obtained after the heating to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate; and repeating the ice bathing, heating at 90-100° C., and centrifuging operations on the obtained precipitate, and combining the supernatant obtained from each centrifugation with the mixed solution obtained after the last heating to obtain a suspension of the Ganoderma lucidum spores.
6. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 , wherein the number of repetitions is 2-4.
7. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 , wherein the ice bathing time is 20-50 min.
8. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 , wherein the condition for centrifuging the mixed solution is: centrifuging at a rotation speed of 800-1,200 rpm for a time of 15-45 min.
9. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1 , wherein the manner of filtering through the microfiltration membrane in step (3) comprises: filtering the suspension of Ganoderma lucidum spores obtained in step (2) through a 5-6 μm microfiltration membrane to obtain a filtrate and the filter residue with the particle diameter of more than 5 μm; and secondly filtering the filtrate through a microfiltration membrane of 1 μm to obtain the filtrate with the particle diameter of less than 1 μm.
10. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1 , wherein the drying of step (4) is spray drying, wherein the conditions for the spray drying are: an air inlet temperature of 170-195° C., an air outlet temperature of 90-105° C., a feed frequency of 70-80 rpm, a negative pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa in the tower, and a rotating speed of atomizer of 350-450 rpm.
11. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1 , wherein the sterilizing of step (4) comprises: sequentially performing low-pressure sterilization and low-temperature drying on the dried material, wherein the conditions for the low-pressure sterilization are: a sterilization pressure of 70-80 kPa, a sterilization temperature of 110-120° C., a sterilization time of 25-40 min; and the condition for the low-temperature drying is: drying under normal pressure at 55-65° C.
12. The method for preparing bitter Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 6 , wherein the ice bathing time is 20-50 min.