Methods and apparatuses for quadrature amplitude modulation optimized for phase noise
Methods and apparatus for facilitating wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation are disclosed. A wireless communication device utilizes a signal constellation for quadrature modulating a signal for transmission or quadrature demodulating a received signal. The signal constellation includes multiple constellation symbols and associated bit sequences, which can be translated there between. Specific signal constellations are disclosed.
1. A method for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the method comprising:
demodulating, using a controller of a wireless communication device, a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to at least four decimal places of precision.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to at least five decimal places of precision.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to six decimal places of precision.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 64-point constellation is a reflection-symmetric constellation.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first coordinates of the coordinate pairs represent normalized magnitudes of one of: in-phase components and quadrature components of the constellation symbols, and
the second coordinates of the coordinate pairs represent normalized magnitudes of the other one of the in-phase components and the quadrature components of the constellation symbols.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the demodulated signal includes bit sequences, and the bit sequences are assigned to the constellation symbols using Gray mapping.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the demodulated signal includes bit sequences, and each of the bit sequences is of length 6 bits, including 4 quadrant non-specific bits, and wherein, for an index value k ranging from k=1 to k=16 inclusive: the quadrant non-specific bits of the bit sequence corresponding to the constellation symbol defined by a k th -listed one of the coordinate pairs are equal to: a binary representation of k−1; the binary representation of k−1 added to a constant value under Modulo-16 addition; the binary representation of k−1 subjected to a consistent bit reordering, or the binary representation of k−1 added to a constant value under Modulo-16 addition and subjected to the consistent bit reordering.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the 64-point constellation is a reflection symmetric constellation, and wherein bit sequences corresponding to constellation symbols within a common group of reflection symmetric constellation symbols have identical quadrant non-specific bits.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a mapping module electronic component for said demodulating.
11. An apparatus for a wireless communication device configured for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to demodulate a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to at least four decimal places of precision.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to at least five decimal places of precision.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein normalized magnitudes of the constellation symbols in the first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the coordinate pairs to six decimal places of precision.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the 64-point constellation is a reflection-symmetric constellation.
16. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the first coordinates of the coordinate pairs represent normalized magnitudes of one of: in-phase components and quadrature components of the constellation symbols, and the second coordinates of the coordinate pairs represent normalized magnitudes of the other one of the in-phase components and the quadrature components of the constellation symbols.
17. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the demodulated signal includes bit sequences, and the bit sequences are assigned to the constellation symbols using Gray mapping.
18. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the demodulated signal includes bit sequences, and each of the bit sequences is of length 6 bits, including 4 quadrant non-specific bits, and wherein, for an index value k ranging from k=1 to k=16 inclusive: the quadrant non-specific bits of the bit sequence corresponding to the constellation symbol defined by a k th -listed one of the coordinate pairs are equal to: a binary representation of k−1; the binary representation of k−1 added to a constant value under Modulo-16 addition; the binary representation of k−1 subjected to a consistent bit reordering, or the binary representation of k−1 added to a constant value under Modulo-16 addition and subjected to the consistent bit reordering.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the signal constellation is a reflection symmetric constellation, and wherein bit sequences corresponding to constellation symbols within a common group of reflection symmetric constellation symbols have identical quadrant non-specific bits.
20. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the controller comprises a mapping module electronic component for said demodulating.
21. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions executable by a controller of a wireless communication device, the instructions comprising:
instructions for demodulating a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
22. A method for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the method comprising:
demodulating, using a controller of a wireless communication device, a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.
23. An apparatus for a wireless communication device configured for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to demodulate a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.
24. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions executable by a controller of a wireless communication device, the instructions comprising:
instructions for demodulating a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or detected in a received signal,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.
25. A method for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the method comprising:
modulating, using a controller of a wireless communication device, a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received;
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
26. An apparatus for a wireless communication device configured for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to modulate a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
27. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions executable by a controller of a wireless communication device, the instructions comprising:
instructions for modulating a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received;
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.102711
0.503546
0.808833
0.586707
0.292287
0.539416
0.573931
0.511188
0.153478
0.988152
0.478993
0.877326
0.136738
0.766448
0.430209
0.720169
0.101674
0.300318
0.796714
0.173903
0.352378
0.320025
0.585072
0.296273
0.110728
0.096927
0.985272
0.169374
0.321967
0.107949
0.537832
0.093607.
28. A method for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the method comprising:
modulating, using a controller of a wireless communication device, a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received;
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.
29. An apparatus for a wireless communication device configured for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the apparatus comprising:
a controller configured to modulate a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received,
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.
30. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions for wireless communication using digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions executable by a controller of a wireless communication device, the instructions comprising:
instructions for modulating a signal in accordance with a 64-point constellation, the signal being for transmission or the signal being received;
wherein normalized magnitudes of constellation symbols in a first quadrant of the 64-point constellation are defined by the following coordinate pairs to at least three decimal places of precision:
first coordinate
second coordinate
0.101262
0.405033
0.713385
0.700766
0.267652
0.512970
0.526309
0.582497
0.131415
0.991327
0.416090
0.909320
0.114535
0.739941
0.356084
0.758285
0.250852
0.180521
0.895785
0.441473
0.425891
0.315992
0.670632
0.370101
0.099375
0.097472
0.986926
0.160648
0.519688
0.099539
0.755082
0.146951.