Method for defining an optimized load curve for a crane, method and control device for controlling the load suspended from a crane on the basis of the optimized load curve
This defining method comprises the steps of: —simulating a crane comprising: i) a boom made up of elements and ii) a lifting member that is able to move along the boom, —selecting several elements to be tested, maximum stresses, and several ranges along the boom, and —carrying out the following analysis steps of: •choosing a theoretical load, •calculating stresses brought about by the theoretical load in each element to be tested, •comparing these stresses with maximum stresses, •increasing or decreasing the theoretical load depending on whether stresses are less than or greater than the maximum stresses, •repeating the calculating step and the comparison step and the step of increasing or decreasing until the maximum theoretical load is found, and •recording i) the range and ii) the maximum theoretical load.
1. A controlling method, for controlling a lifting member of a crane, the controlling method comprising the following steps:
providing a physical crane comprising a jib comprising a structure composed of several elements, and a lifting member configured to lift a load and is movable along the jib successively in several reaches;
simulating, by a computer, the crane comprising at least:
i) the jib comprising the structure composed of several elements, and
ii) the lifting member which is configured to lift the load and which is movable along the jib successively in several reaches,
a first selection step comprising selecting several elements to be tested,
a second selection step comprising, for each element to be tested, selecting at least one respective predetermined maximum stress,
a third selection step comprising selecting several reaches along the jib, and at each reach, carrying out the following analysis steps:
a choice step comprising choosing a theoretical load to be suspended from the lifting member,
a calculation step comprising calculating stresses which are induced by the theoretical load in each element to be tested,
a comparison step comprising, for each element to be tested, comparing the calculated stresses with the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
an incrementation step comprising incrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is less than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
a decrementation step comprising decrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is greater than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
repeating i) the calculation step and ii) the comparison step and one from iii) the incrementation step and iii) the decrementation step until finding the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
storing in a memory a group of values comprising i) the reach and ii) the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses, and
defining a load curve for the crane, the load curve indicating the maximum theoretical loads found as a function of the selected reaches,
communicating to a monitoring device control signals to control at least one movement of the lifting member of the physical crane from: i) a lifting movement to lift a target load; and ii) a distribution movement to displace the lifting member to a target reach based on the target reach indicated by the load curve.
2. The controlling method according to claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises a lattice, the elements comprising bars arranged to form the lattice.
3. The controlling method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the third selection step comprising in selecting several reaches, the reaches are selected in a regular distribution along the jib.
4. The controlling method according to claim 3 , wherein the reaches are spaced apart in pairs, by an interval comprised between 0.5% and 10% of the length of the jib.
5. The controlling method according to claim 4 , wherein the reaches are spaced apart in pairs, by an interval comprised between 1% and 2% of the length of the jib.
6. The controlling method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the calculation step comprising calculating stresses, said stresses are calculated for a stressing mode selected in the group constituted of traction, shear, compression, buckling, torsion and bending.
7. The controlling method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the second selection step comprising selecting predetermined maximum stresses, each predetermined maximum stress is selected so as to be comprised between 90% and 100% of a respective permissible stress.
8. The controlling method according to claim 1 , wherein the analysis steps are initially carried out for a largest selected reach, so as to find firstly the theoretical load for the largest selected reach, then in which, during the choice step comprising in choosing a theoretical load for each other selected reach, the theoretical load is chosen inducing, around one end of the jib opposite to the largest reach, a moment equal to the moment induced by the theoretical load found for the largest selected reach.
9. A monitoring method for monitoring a load suspended from a crane, the monitoring method comprising the steps of:
providing a physical crane comprising at least:
i) a jib,
ii) a lifting member which is configured to lift a load and which is movable along the jib successively in several reaches,
iii) an evaluation device configured to evaluate a magnitude representative of the load suspended from the lifting member, and
iv) a measuring device configured to measure a magnitude representative of the instantaneous reach,
providing a monitoring device comprising a memory containing a load curve defined by a definition method, comprising the following steps:
simulating, by a computer, the crane comprising at least:
i) the jib comprising the structure composed of several elements, and
ii) the lifting member which is configured to lift the load and which is movable along the jib successively in several reaches,
a first selection step comprising selecting several elements to be tested,
a second selection step comprising, for each element to be tested, selecting at least one respective predetermined maximum stress,
a third selection step comprising selecting several reaches along the jib, and at each reach, carrying out the following analysis steps:
a choice step comprising choosing a theoretical load to be suspended from the lifting member,
a calculation step comprising calculating stresses which are induced by the theoretical load in each element to be tested,
a comparison step comprising, for each element to be tested, comparing the calculated stresses with the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
an incrementation step comprising incrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is less than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
a decrementation step comprising decrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is greater than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
repeating i) the calculation step and ii) the comparison step and one from iii) the incrementation step and iii) the decrementation step until finding the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
storing in a memory a group of values comprising i) the reach and ii) the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses, and
defining the load curve for the crane, the load curve indicating the maximum theoretical loads found as a function of the selected reaches,
evaluating, by means of the evaluation device, magnitude representative of the load suspended from the lifting member of the physical crane,
measuring, by means of the measuring device, magnitude representative of the instantaneous reach,
communicating to the monitoring device control signals intended to control at least one movement of the lifting member of the physical crane from: i) a lifting movement to lift a target load; and ii) a distribution movement to displace the lifting member to a target reach,
comparing the target load with the theoretical load indicated for the target reach by the load curve, and
a restriction step comprising in, if the target load is greater than said theoretical load indicated for the target reach, restricting said at least one movement of the lifting member of the physical crane.
10. The monitoring method according to claim 9 , wherein the restriction step comprises: i) a preventing step in which said at least one movement of the lifting member is prevented, and ii) a warning step in which the monitoring device communicates an exceeding warning notifying that the target load is excessive for the target reach.
11. The monitoring method according to claim 9 , wherein the evaluation device comprises at least one measuring member selected from the group constituted of an electronic encoder and a displacement potentiometer.
12. A monitoring device comprising:
a memory containing a load curve defined by a definition method for defining the load curve, the method comprising the following steps:
simulating a crane comprising at least:
i) a jib comprising a structure composed of several elements, and
ii) a lifting member which is configured to lift a load and which is movable along the jib successively in several reaches,
a first selection step comprising selecting several elements to be tested,
a second selection step comprising, for each element to be tested, selecting at least one respective predetermined maximum stress,
a third selection step comprising selecting several reaches along the jib, and at each reach, carrying out the following analysis steps:
a choice step comprising choosing a theoretical load to be suspended from the lifting member,
a calculation step comprising calculating stresses which are induced by the theoretical load in each element to be tested,
a comparison step comprising, for each element to be tested, comparing the calculated stresses with the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
an incrementation step comprising incrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is less than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
a decrementation step comprising decrementing the theoretical load if at least one of the calculated stresses is greater than a respective predetermined maximum stress,
repeating i) the calculation step and ii) the comparison step and one from the incrementation step and iv) the decrementation step until finding the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses,
defining the load curve for the crane, the load curve indicating the maximum theoretical loads found as a function of the selected reaches,
storing in a memory a group of values comprising i) the reach and ii) the maximum theoretical load for which the calculated stresses are substantially equal to the respective predetermined maximum stresses, and
a physical crane comprising at least:
i) a jib,
ii) a lifting member which is configured to lift a load and which is movable along the jib successively in several reaches,
iii) an evaluation device configured to evaluate a magnitude representative of the load suspended from the lifting member, and
iv) a measuring device configured to measure a magnitude representative of the instantaneous reach,
a calculation unit configured to carry out a monitoring method for monitoring a load suspended from a physical crane, the monitoring method comprising the steps of:
evaluating, by means of the evaluation device, magnitude representative of the load suspended from the lifting member,
measuring, by means of the measuring device, magnitude representative of the instantaneous reach,
communicating to the monitoring device control signals intended to control at least one movement of the lifting member from: i) a lifting movement to lift a target load; and ii) a distribution movement to displace the lifting member to a target reach,
comparing the target load with the theoretical load indicated for the target reach by the load curve, and
a restriction step comprising, if the target load is greater than said theoretical load indicated for the target reach, restricting said at least one movement of the lifting member.