Negative electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same
A negative electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery, the negative electrode including a current collector; and a negative active material layer on at least one surface of the current collector, the negative active material layer including a carbon negative active material and a conductive agent, wherein the conductive agent includes at least one of a fiber-shaped conductive agent having a average length of about 1 μm to about 200 μm and a particle-shaped conductive agent having a average long diameter of about 1 μm to about 20 μm, and a DD (Degree of Divergence) value defined by Equation 1 is about 24 or greater: DD (Degree of Divergence)=( I a /I total )*100 [Equation 1] wherein, in Equation 1, Ia is a sum of peak intensities at non-planar angles measured by XRD using a CuKα ray, and Itotal is a sum of peak intensity at all angles measured by XRD using a CuKα ray.
1. A negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery, the negative electrode comprising:
a current collector; and
a negative active material layer on at least one surface of the current collector, the negative active material layer including a carbon negative active material and a conductive agent,
wherein the conductive agent includes at least one of a fiber-shaped conductive agent having an average length of about 1 μm to about 200 μm and a particle-shaped conductive agent having an average long diameter of about 1 μm to about 20 μm, and
a DD (Degree of Divergence) value defined by Equation 1 is about 24 or greater:
DD (Degree of Divergence)=( I a /I total )*100 [Equation 1]
wherein, in Equation 1,
I a is a sum of peak intensities at 2θ=42.4±0.2°, 43.4±0.2°, 44.6±0.2°, and 77.5±0.2° measured by XRD using a CuKα ray, and
I total is a sum of peak intensity at 2θ=26.5±0.2°, 42.4±0.2°, 43.4±0.2°, 44.6±0.2°, 54.7±0.2°, and 77.5±0.2° measured by XRD using a CuKα ray.
2. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode has a DD value of about 24 to about 70.
3. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent includes at least one of a fiber-shaped conductive agent having an average length of about 5 μm to about 50 μm and a particle-shaped conductive agent having an average long diameter of about 5 μm to about 10 μm.
4. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent has a specific external surface area of about 4 m 2 /g to about 1,500 m 2 /g.
5. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the specific external surface area of the conductive agent is about 100 m 2 /g to about 1,400 m 2 /g.
6. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent has an aspect ratio of about 10 to about 3,000.
7. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the aspect ratio is about 10 to about 2,500.
8. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent has an area ratio, based on a surface area, relative to the carbon negative active material of about 50% to about 300%.
9. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the area ratio, based on a surface area, of the conductive agent relative to the carbon negative active material is about 80% to about 260%.
10. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent has a volume ratio of the conductive agent relative to the carbon negative active material of about 1.5% or less.
11. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the volume ratio of the conductive agent relative to the carbon negative active material is about 0.005% to about 1.5%.
12. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode has a single surface loading level (L/L) of about 6 mg/cm 2 to about 65 mg/cm 2 .
13. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the peak intensities are peak integral area values.
14. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode has a peak intensity ratio at a (004) plane relative to a (002) plane of about 0.04 or greater when XRD is measured by using a CuKα ray.
15. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode has a peak intensity ratio at a (004) plane relative to a (002) plane of about 0.04 to about 0.07 when XRD is measured by using a CuKα ray.
16. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the carbon negative active material is artificial graphite or a mixture of artificial graphite and natural graphite.
17. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the negative active material layer further includes a Si negative active material, a Sn negative active material, a lithium vanadium oxide, or a combination thereof.
18. The negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the negative electrode has an active region facing a positive electrode and an inactive region not facing the positive electrode, and
a DD value of the inactive region is about 24 or greater.
19. A rechargeable lithium battery, comprising:
the negative electrode as claimed in claim 1 ;
a positive electrode; and
an electrolyte.