Stabilized oxyborates and their use for oxidative conversion of hydrocarbons
An oxygen transfer agent comprising a metal-boron oxide is provided. The average oxidation state of the metal in the metal-boron oxide is about 3+, and has 10% or less of a stoichiometric excess in moles of Mn with respect to the boron. The oxygen transfer agent may further comprise a magnesia-phosphate cement. The oxygen transfer agent is capable of oxidatively dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon feed at reaction conditions to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product and water. The oxidative dehydrogenation can take place under reaction conditions of less than 1000 ppm weight molecular oxygen, or in the presence of more than 1000 ppm weight of molecular oxygen. Also provided are methods of using the oxygen transfer agents, and an apparatus for effecting the oxidative dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feed.
1. An oxygen transfer agent comprising:
a metal-boron oxide; and
a magnesia-phosphate cement;
wherein:
the average oxidation state of the metal in the metal-boron oxide is from 2.7+ to less than 4.0+, and the oxygen transfer agent comprises 10% or less of a stoichiometric excess of Mn with respect to the boron; and
the magnesia-phosphate cement comprises: MgM′″PO 4 .mH 2 O, wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6; and
wherein the metal-boron oxide comprises at least one compound that satisfies the formula M′ 2 M″BO 5 ,
wherein M′ is selected from one or more of alkaline earth metals, actinide metals, lanthanide metals, and combinations thereof; and M″ is selected from one or more of trivalent transition metals.
2. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , comprising 10% or less of Mg 6 MnO 8 .
3. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , comprising 5% or less of Mg 6 MnO 8 .
4. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-boron oxide comprises a compound that satisfies the formula M 3 BO 5 ;
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals, actinide metals, lanthanide metals, trivalent transition metals, and combinations thereof.
5. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 4 , wherein the compound that satisfies the formula M 3 BO 5 is selected from the ludwigite class minerals, and combinations thereof.
6. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 5 , wherein the ludwigite class mineral is selected from the group consisting of pinakiolite, orthopinakiolite, takeuchiite, fredrikssonite, and combinations thereof.
7. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein M′ is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof and M″ is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and mixtures thereof.
8. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesia-phosphate cement comprises at least one of MgKPO 4 .mH 2 O and MgNaPO 4 .mH 2 O, wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6.
9. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-boron oxide comprises Mg 2 MnO 2 (BO 3 ).
10. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesia-phosphate cement comprises NaMg(PO 4 ).mH 2 O.
11. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein M′″ is selected from the group consisting of sodium, lithium, potassium, and mixtures thereof.
12. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one promotor selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and mixtures thereof.
13. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one promoter is selected from the group consisting of Li 2 WO 4 , Na 2 WO 4 , K 2 WO 4 , SrWO 4 , Li 2 MoO 4 , Na 2 MoO 4 , K 2 MoO 4 , CsMoO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , CaSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , NaHSO 4 , and mixtures thereof.
14. The oxygen transfer agent according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen transfer agent has a shape characterized by an aspect ratio of less than 10.