Power supply system
A secondary battery and a control section are included. An electrode of the secondary battery has a singular point at which a variation in an output voltage with respect to a capacity is singularly changed. The control section includes a detection section and a calculation setting section. The detection section changes the capacity of the secondary battery, and detects a singular point capacity which is the capacity at which the singular point appears. When the secondary battery is deteriorated, the calculation setting section calculates and sets at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the capacity by using a detection value of the singular point capacity after the deterioration so that a potential of the electrode does not deviate from a predetermined range.
1. A power supply system comprising:
a secondary battery; and
a control section that controls charging/discharging of the secondary battery, wherein
the secondary battery includes a pair of electrodes which are a positive electrode and a negative electrode each having an active material, and is configured to output, as an output voltage, a difference between a potential of the positive electrode and a potential of the negative electrode, metal atoms being detached from/inserted into the active material,
the electrode has a singular point at which a variation in the output voltage with respect to a capacity of the secondary battery is singularly changed; and
the control section includes
a detection section that detects a singular point capacity by changing the capacity of the secondary battery and measuring a change in the output voltage, the singular point capacity being the capacity at which the singular point appears, and
a calculation setting section that, when the secondary battery is deteriorated, calculates and sets at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the capacity by using a detection value of the singular point capacity after the deterioration so that the potential of the electrode does not deviate from a predetermined range.
2. The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the control section is configured to determine, as the singular point, a state where the variation in the output voltage with respect to the capacity of the secondary battery is higher than a predetermined value.
3. The power supply system according to claim 2 , wherein
one of the pair of electrodes is a high deterioration rate electrode that has a higher deterioration rate than the other electrode, and
the high deterioration rate electrode has a center singular point which is the singular point that is present between two non-singular regions in which the variation is smaller than a predetermined value.
4. The power supply system according to claim 3 , wherein:
the high deterioration rate electrode has the center singular point and a low side singular point which is the singular point that appears when the capacity is lower than the center singular point; and
the control section is configured to, by using the singular point capacity a 1 corresponding to the low side singular point, the singular point capacity b 1 corresponding to the center singular point, and the upper limit value Q H1 and the lower limit value Q L1 before the secondary battery is deteriorated, and the singular point capacity a 2 corresponding to the low side singular point and the singular point capacity b 2 corresponding to the center singular point after the deterioration, calculate the upper limit value Q H2 and the lower limit value Q L2 after the deterioration by the following equations:
Q H2 =( b 2 −a 2 )/( b 1 −a 1 )×( Q H1 −b 1 )+ b 2 ; and
Q L2 =( b 2 −a 2 )/( b 1 −a 1 )×( Q H1 −a 1 )+ a 2 .
5. The power supply system according to claim 4 , wherein the control section is configured to calculate a difference between the singular point capacity corresponding to the center singular point and the singular point capacity corresponding to the low side singular point and calculate the upper limit value and the lower limit value again when the difference is reduced by a predetermined value or more as compared with the time when the upper limit value and the lower limit value are previously calculated.
6. The power supply system according to claim 4 , wherein the control section is configured to control charging/discharging of the secondary battery so that the output voltage is between a first voltage corresponding to the upper limit value and a second voltage corresponding to the lower limit value after the upper limit value and the lower limit value are calculated.
7. The power supply system according to claim 3 , wherein the high deterioration rate electrode is formed by mixing a plurality of types of electrode materials.
8. The power supply system according to claim 3 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
9. The power supply system according to claim 8 , wherein
the high deterioration rate electrode is the positive electrode,
the positive electrode contains Li x Mn 2-z Me z O 4 (z=0 to 0.5, Me is Li or transition metal, x=0 to 2); and
the negative electrode contains Li y Ti 5 O 12 (y=4 to 7).
10. The power supply system according to claim 8 , wherein
the high deterioration rate electrode is the negative electrode; and
the negative electrode contains graphite.