Air-pollution emission source monitoring

1. A computer implemented method of monitoring air pollution over an area, the method comprising the steps of:

obtaining, by one or more processing units, a location data from sensors at stations that are deployed along a boundary of a monitored area, wherein a number of the stations deployed along the boundary of the monitored area is based on a size and type of the monitored area as well as a number of moving emission sources within the monitored area, wherein the moving emission sources move throughout the monitored area;

obtaining, by one or more processing units, an air pollution data from the sensors;

obtaining, by one or more processing units, a macroscale atmospheric data of a region that the monitored area belongs to;

estimating, by one or more processing units, a boundary pollutant distribution based on the obtained location data and air pollution data, wherein the boundary pollutant distribution is a measure of distribution of pollutant along the boundary of the monitored area;

estimating, by one or more processing units, a horizontal diffusion and a vertical diffusion of the monitored area, based on the boundary pollutant distribution and the macroscale atmospheric data; and

calculating, by one or more processing units, a pollution contribution caused by the monitored area based on the estimated the boundary pollutant distribution, the estimated horizontal diffusion, and the vertical diffusion by utilizing a box model, wherein a height of the box model correlates with another height of an atmospheric surface layer within the monitored area.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimation of the boundary pollutant distribution comprises:

utilizing an interpolation algorithm to estimate the boundary pollutant distribution along the boundary of the monitored area.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

estimating, by one or more processing units, a pollutant concentration of the monitored area based on the boundary pollutant distribution.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the estimation of the horizontal diffusion and vertical diffusion of the monitored area comprises:

estimating, by one or more processing units, parameters of a surface wind and a vertical wind that are within the monitored area and based on the macroscale atmospheric data; and

decreasing, by one or more processing units, an error of the parameters of the surface wind and the vertical wind by fusing the macroscale atmospheric data and the air pollution data.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the estimation of the horizontal diffusion and vertical diffusion of the monitored area comprises the step of:

estimating, by one or more processing units, the horizontal diffusion and the vertical diffusion are based on the pollutant concentration and the parameters of the surface wind and the vertical wind.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the calculation of the pollution contribution further comprising:

calculating, by one or more processing units, a change rate of the pollutant concentration of the monitored area based on the pollutant concentration; and

calibrating, by one or more processing units, the change rate of the pollutant concentration based on the horizontal diffusion and the vertical diffusion.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the calculation of the pollution contribution comprises the step of:

calculating, by one or more processing units, the pollution contribution based on the calibrated change rate of the pollutant concentration and a volume of the monitored area.

8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimation of the boundary pollutant distribution further comprising:

determining, by one or more processing units, the boundary pollutant distribution with minimized error by adopting h/(n-h) cross validation, wherein 0<h<n/2, and h is a natural number, n is the number of the stations.

9. A computer system of monitoring air pollution over an area, comprising:

a processor;

a computer-readable memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that when executed by the processor perform actions of:

obtaining location and air pollution data from sensors at stations positioned along a boundary of monitored area along with macroscale atmospheric data of a region that the monitored area belongs to, wherein a number of the stations deployed along the boundary of the monitored area is based on a size and type of the monitored area as well as a number of moving emission sources within the monitored area, wherein the moving emission sources move throughout the monitored area;

estimating a boundary pollutant distribution based on the location data and the air pollution data, wherein the boundary pollutant distribution is a measure of distribution of pollutant along the boundary of the monitored area;

estimating a horizontal diffusion and a vertical diffusion of the monitored area that is based on the boundary pollutant distribution and the macroscale atmospheric data; and

calculating a pollution contribution caused by the monitored area that is based on the boundary pollutant distribution, the horizontal diffusion, and the vertical diffusion by utilizing a box model, wherein a height of the box model correlates with another height of an atmospheric surface layer within the monitored area.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the estimation of the boundary pollutant distribution which comprises:

utilizing an interpolation algorithm to estimate the boundary pollutant distribution along the boundary of the monitored area.

11. The system of claim 9 further comprising:

estimating a pollutant concentration of the monitored area that is based on the boundary pollutant distribution.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the estimating horizontal diffusion and vertical diffusion of the monitored area comprises:

estimating parameters of a surface wind and a vertical wind in the monitored area that is based on the macroscale atmospheric data; and

decreasing an error of the surface wind and the vertical wind parameters by fusing the macroscale atmospheric data and the air pollution data.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the estimating horizontal diffusion and vertical diffusion of the monitored area comprises:

estimating the horizontal diffusion and the vertical diffusion based on the pollutant concentration and the parameters of the surface wind and the vertical wind.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the calculating pollution contribution further comprises:

calculating a change rate of the pollutant concentration in the monitored area based on the pollutant concentration; and

calibrating the change rate of the pollutant concentration based on the horizontal diffusion and the vertical diffusion.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the calculating pollution contribution further comprises:

calculating a pollution contribution based on the calibrated change rate of the pollutant concentration and the volume of the monitored area.

16. A computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions that when executed by a least one computer cause the computer to:

obtain a location data and an air pollution data from sensors at stations positioned along a boundary of a monitored area, along with a macroscale atmospheric data of a region that the monitored area belongs to, wherein a number of the stations deployed along the boundary of the monitored area is based on a size and type of the monitored area as well as a number of moving emission sources within the monitored area, wherein the moving emission sources move throughout the monitored area;

estimate a boundary pollutant distribution based on the location data and the air pollution data, wherein the boundary pollutant distribution is a measure of distribution of pollutant along the boundary of the monitored area;

estimate a horizontal diffusion and a vertical diffusion of the monitored area based on the boundary pollutant distribution and the macroscale atmospheric data; and

calculate a pollution contribution caused by the monitored area based on the boundary pollutant distribution, the horizontal diffusion, and the vertical diffusion by utilizing a box model, wherein a height of the box model correlates with another height of an atmospheric surface layer within the monitored area.

17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the estimation of the boundary pollutant distribution comprises the instruction to:

utilize an interpolation algorithm to estimate the boundary pollutant distribution along the boundary of the monitored area.

18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:

estimate a pollutant concentration of the monitored area based on the boundary pollutant distribution.