Well drilling bit and well drilling method using the same
A well drilling bit for drilling bedrocks includes a columnar bit body, and a drilling fluid flow path formed in the bit body to wash away drilled cuttings from a bottomhole and/or a periphery of the bit body. The flow path is provided with a venturi mechanism including a venturi tube having a reduced-diameter portion where a cross sectional area is reduced and capable of generating a decompression region around a tip of the bit body, the decompression region being more decompressed than a surrounding by the Venturi effect.
1. A well drilling bit for drilling bedrocks, the well drilling bit comprising:
a columnar bit body; and
a drilling fluid flow path formed in the bit body to wash away drilled cuttings from at least one of a bottomhole and a periphery of the bit body,
wherein:
the flow path is provided with a venturi mechanism including a venturi tube having a reduced-diameter portion where a cross sectional area is reduced and configured to generate a decompression region around a tip of the bit body, the decompression region being more decompressed than a surrounding region by the Venturi effect, so as to locally cause decompression boiling of the drilling fluid in a vicinity of the bottomhole,
the flow path includes a first flow path communicating the venturi tube with an outer surface of the bit body near the tip thereof, a second flow path communicating the venturi tube with an outer surface of the bit body except for the tip thereof, and a third flow path communicating the outer surface of the bit body near the tip thereof with the second flow path,
the first flow path and the second flow path are configured to be switchable so that the other is closed when one is opened, and
the venturi mechanism generates a decompression flow area by sucking the drilling fluid into the third flow path at a flow speed of the drilling fluid flowing in the second flow path when the second flow path is opened.
2. The well drilling bit according to claim 1 , wherein switching of the flow path between the first flow path and the second flow path is performed by opening and closing of a slide port.
3. The well drilling bit according to claim 2 , wherein the drilling bit is a PDC bit including PDC cutters made of a diamond sintered compact chip fixed to the outer surface of the bit body.
4. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 3 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
5. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 2 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
6. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 2 , the well drilling method comprising:
alternately repeating a drilling mode for opening the first flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the first flow path and a decompression mode for opening the second flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the second flow path;
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body in the decompression mode to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions, and then performing drilling in the drilling mode.
7. The well drilling bit according to claim 1 , wherein switching of the flow path between the first flow path and the second flow path is performed by a drop ball constituted by a spherical body that selectively closes the first flow path.
8. The well drilling bit according to claim 7 , wherein the drilling bit is a PDC bit including PDC cutters made of a diamond sintered compact chip fixed to the outer surface of the bit body.
9. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 8 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
10. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 7 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
11. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 7 , the well drilling method comprising:
alternately repeating a drilling mode for opening the first flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the first flow path and a decompression mode for opening the second flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the second flow path;
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body in the decompression mode to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions, and then performing drilling in the drilling mode.
12. The well drilling bit according to claim 1 , wherein the drilling bit is a PDC bit including PDC cutters made of a diamond sintered compact chip fixed to the outer surface of the bit body.
13. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 12 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
14. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 12 , the well drilling method comprising:
alternately repeating a drilling mode for opening the first flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the first flow path and a decompression mode for opening the second flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the second flow path;
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body in the decompression mode to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions, and then performing drilling in the drilling mode.
15. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 1 , the well drilling method comprising:
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions and performing drilling.
16. A well drilling method for drilling a well in high-temperature and hard bedrocks with the well drilling bit according to claim 1 , the well drilling method comprising:
alternately repeating a drilling mode for opening the first flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the first flow path and a decompression mode for opening the second flow path to let the drilling fluid flow in the second flow path;
generating the decompression region around the tip of the bit body in the decompression mode to decompress and boil the drilling fluid;
rapidly cooling the bedrocks by latent heat of vaporization when the drilling fluid is vaporized; and
generating cracks in the bedrocks by thermal stress difference between the rapidly cooled portion and other portions, and then performing drilling in the drilling mode.