Method for producing a polyisocyanurate composite material
The invention relates to a method for producing a polyisocyanurate composite material, comprising the following steps: a) providing a polyisocyanate composition A) which contains monomer polyisocyanates at an amount of at least 2 wt. %, and b) catalytically trimerising the polyisocyanate composition A) in the presence of at least one fibrous filler material B) and a trimerisation catalyst C), to form the polyisocyanurate composite material, said trimerisation catalyst C) comprising at least one quaternary ammonium salt and/or a metal salt. The invention also relates to polyisocyanurate composite materials that can be obtained according to the claimed method, and to the use of same to produce a component and components consisting of or containing a claimed polyisocyanurate composite material.
1. A process for producing a composite polyisocyanurate material, comprising the following steps:
a) providing a polyisocyanate composition A) comprising at least 40% by weight of oligomeric polyisocyanates and at least 30% by weight monomeric polyisocyanates, based on the total weight of A), and
b) catalytically trimerizing the polyisocyanate composition A) in the presence of at least one fibrous filler B) and of a trimerization catalyst C) to give the composite polyisocyanurate material comprising a polyisocyanurate plastic matrix, where the trimerization catalyst C) comprises at least one quaternary ammonium salt and/or a metal salt.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the trimerization catalyst C) comprises an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid as metal salt in step b).
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the trimerization catalyst C) comprises potassium acetate as metal salt in step b).
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the trimerization catalyst C) further comprises a polyethylene glycol.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibrous filler is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers and mixtures thereof.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibrous filler used is glass fibers.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate composition A) consists to an extent of at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the polyisocyanate composition A), of polyisocyanates having exclusively aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric polyisocyanates consist of one or more oligomeric polyisocyanates formed in a proportion of >80 percent by weight from 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, isophorone diisocyanate or 4,4′-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane or mixtures thereof.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate composition A) has an average NCO functionality of 1.0 to 6.0.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalytic trimerization is conducted at a temperature of greater than 150° C. within less than 10 minutes, at least up to a conversion level at which only at most 20% of isocyanate groups originally present in the polyisocyanate composition A) are still present.
11. The process as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the conversion level is a conversion level at which only at most 10% or at most 5% of the isocyanate groups originally present in the polyisocyanate composition A) are still present.
12. A composite polyisocyanurate material obtainable by a process as claimed in claim 1 .
13. The composite polyisocyanurate material as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the composite polyisocyanurate material matrix comprises nitrogen, and wherein the amount of nitrogen in the polyisocyanurate plastic matrix of the composite polyisocyanurate material is at least 9% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanurate plastic matrix in the composite polyisocyanurate material.
14. The composite polyisocyanurate material as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the trimerization catalyst C) comprises at least one metal salt, and wherein the proportion by weight of the metal ions in the composite polyisocyanurate material is at least 0.00025% by weight, based on the polyisocyanate composition A).
15. The composite polyisocyanurate material as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the composite polyisocyanurate material has a density of greater than 1.30 g/cm 3 determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-1.
16. Components consisting of or comprising a composite polyisocyanurate material as claimed in claim 12 .
17. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate composition A), based on the total weight thereof, contains at least 40% by weight of monomeric polyisocyanates.
18. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate composition A), the at least one fibrous filler B) and the trimerization catalyst C) form a reaction mixture, and wherein the reaction mixture has a pot life of greater than 10 minutes.
19. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the trimerization catalyst C) is used in a concentration based on the amount of the polyisocyanate composition A) of 0.04% to 30.00% by weight.