Electrical assembly for detecting dielectric breakdown in direct current power transmission medium
In the field of power transmission networks, particularly high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission networks, there is provided an electrical assembly ( 10 ). The electrical assembly ( 10 ) comprises a converter ( 12 ) that includes at least one AC terminal ( 14 A, 14 B, 14 C) for connection to an AC network ( 16 ) and at least one DC terminal ( 18, 22 ) which is operatively connected to a DC power transmission medium ( 20, 24 ). The electrical assembly ( 10 ) also includes a signal injection circuit ( 32 ) which is operatively coupled with at least one DC power transmission medium ( 20, 24 ). The signal injection circuit ( 32 ) includes a signal generator ( 38 ) to selectively inject a plurality of different frequency signals into the said at least one transmission medium ( 20, 24 ). In addition the signal injection circuit ( 32 ) includes a signal analyser ( 42 ) to establish a response signature of the said at least one transmission medium ( 20, 24 ) to the plurality of different frequency injected signals. The signal injection circuit ( 32 ) also includes a control unit ( 46 ) that is programmed to detect a dielectric breakdown in the said at least one transmission medium ( 20, 24 ). More particularly the control unit ( 46 ) is programmed to control the signal generator ( 38 ) to inject a plurality of different frequency signals into the said transmission medium ( 20, 24 ), retrieve the corresponding response signature of the said transmission medium ( 20, 24 ) from the signal analyser ( 42 ), and compare the response signature to a plurality of reference signatures corresponding to dielectric breakdown and non-breakdown conditions in the said transmission medium ( 20, 24 ).
1. An electrical assembly, for use in a power transmission network, comprising a converter including at least one AC terminal for connection to an AC network and at least one DC terminal operatively connected to a DC power transmission medium, and a signal injection circuit operatively coupled with at least one DC power transmission medium, the signal injection circuit comprising:
a signal generator to selectively inject a plurality of different frequency signals into the at least one transmission medium;
a signal analyser to establish a response signature of the at least one transmission medium to the plurality of different frequency injected signals; and
a control unit programmed to detect a dielectric breakdown in the at least one transmission medium by controlling the signal generator to inject the plurality of different frequency signals into the transmission medium, retrieving the corresponding response signature of the transmission medium from the signal analyser, and comparing the response signature to a plurality of reference signatures corresponding to dielectric breakdown and non-breakdown conditions in the transmission medium;
wherein the control unit is additionally programmed to determine when the dielectric breakdown is permanent, and
wherein when the dielectric breakdown is determined to be permanent, the control unit is further programmed to establish the location of the dielectric breakdown by comparing the response signature to a plurality of reference signatures corresponding to dielectric breakdowns at different positions along the transmission medium.
2. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is additionally programmed to determine when the dielectric breakdown is permanent.
3. The electrical assembly according to claim 2 , wherein when the dielectric breakdown is determined to be permanent, the control unit is further programmed to establish the location of the dielectric breakdown by comparing the response signature to a plurality of reference signatures corresponding to dielectric breakdowns at different positions along the transmission medium.
4. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the reference signatures are established by staging dielectric breakdowns during one or both of:
simulation of the electrical assembly; and
on-site calibration of the electrical assembly.
5. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is still further programed to update one or more reference signatures on the basis of a response signature established by the signal analyser.
6. The electrical assembly according to claim 5 , wherein the control unit is also programmed to continuously review the reference signatures each time a new response signature is established by the signal analyser.
7. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmission medium includes at least one conductor member.
8. The electrical assembly according to claim 7 , wherein at least one conductor member includes at least one conductor sub-member.
9. The electrical assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the signal generator is configured to selectively inject a plurality of different frequency signals into the or each conductor member.
10. The electrical assembly according to claim 9 , wherein the signal generator includes a plurality of individual power supplies.
11. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein each injected signal is a current waveform.
12. The electrical assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the signal analyser includes a plurality of measuring devices to provide measured samples of the injected signals.
13. The electrical assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the measuring devices include current and voltage measuring devices.
14. The electrical assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of measuring devices are installed:
on the said at least one transmission medium; and/or
in the signal injection circuit.
15. The electrical assembly according to claim 14 , in which the plurality of measuring devices are at least installed on the at least one transmission medium, wherein:
a respective measuring device is installed adjacent the or each conductor member in the transmission medium; and/or
the measuring devices are installed at different locations along the length of the transmission medium.