Using electromagnetic waves to remove near wellbore damages in a hydrocarbon reservoir
One method includes position an antenna inside a wellbore in a location corresponding to a formation where near wellbore damage occurs; wherein the wellbore extends from a surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir downward into the subterranean structure of the hydrocarbon reservoir; transmitting an electromagnetic (EM) wave to the antenna; and irradiating, from the antenna, at least a portion of the EM wave at the formation, wherein the portion of the EM wave removes the near wellbore damage at the formation.
1. A method, comprising:
positioning an antenna inside a wellbore in a location corresponding to a formation comprising near-wellbore damage, wherein the wellbore extends from a surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir into the hydrocarbon reservoir;
determining an irradiation power level of an electromagnetic (EM) wave based on at least a volume of a treatment zone, a density of the formation in the treatment zone, a target temperature change, and a treatment duration;
determining an energy density converted from the EM wave based on the following equation:
w=σE 2 +ωε″E 2
where w represents the energy density converted from the EM wave, E represents a strength of an electric field of the EM wave, ω is a frequency of the EM wave, ε″ represents a dielectric loss of the formation in the treatment zone, and a represents a conductivity of the formation in the treatment zone;
determining a penetration depth of the treatment zone by the EM wave based on the following equation:
D
=
1
ω
μ
0
ɛ
′
2
[
1
+
(
ωɛ
″
+
σ
ωɛ
′
)
2
-
1
]
where D represents the penetration depth, μ 0 =4π×10 −7 H/m, ε′ represents a dielectric constant of the formation in the treatment zone;
transmitting the EM wave to the antenna;
irradiating, from the antenna, a portion of the EM wave with the determined irradiation power level, the determined energy density, and the determined penetration depth, at the formation; and
removing the near-wellbore damage at the formation with the portion of the EM wave.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the near-wellbore damage is caused at least in part by a filter cake, and wherein the portion of the EM wave removes the near-wellbore damage by breaking the filter cake.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the near-wellbore damage comprises skin damage, and wherein the portion of the EM wave removes the near-wellbore damage by removing the skin damage.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EM wave is a microwave.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: prior to the irradiating, flowing treatment fluid to the formation where near-wellbore damage occurs, wherein the treatment fluid changes at least one of an electrical conductivity or a dielectric property of the formation.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: mixing particles with the treatment fluid, wherein the particles are selected based on at least one of a target electrical conductivity or a target dielectric property.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the particles are metal oxides nanoparticles.
8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: mixing particles with the treatment fluid, wherein the particles are selected based on the power level of the EM wave.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
selecting the antenna based on an aperture of the antenna and a base area of the treatment zone.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
positioning an EM wave transmitter at a surface of the hydrocarbon reservoir; and
generating the EM wave using the EM wave transmitter.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
positioning an EM wave transmitter in the wellbore, wherein the EM wave transmitter is enclosed in a protective case; and
generating the EM wave using the EM wave transmitter.