Exabyte-scale data storage using sequence-controlled polymers
A method of storing digital data in non-biological sequence-controlled polymers includes converting a digital data file into a monomer sequence, synthesizing polymer chains according to the monomer sequence, and encapsulating the polymer chains into microfluidic droplets and providing the microfluidic droplets with addresses. A polymer data storage system has a first converter to convert digital data to a polymer sequence, a polymer synthesizer to produce polymer chains according to a pre-determined monomer sequence, a fluidic encapsulation system to encapsulate the polymer chains in microfluidic droplets and to apply addressing materials to the microfluidic droplets, a storage for storing the microfluidic droplets, a droplet sorting system having at least an actuator to sort the droplets, a sequencer to derive the polymer sequence from the polymer chains contained in the droplets, and a second converter to convert the polymer sequence to digital data. A composition of matter wherein polymer chains comprising alternating segments of flexible linkers and one or more rigid monomer blocks, and wherein the rigid blocks are defined in a meaningful manner to store in a sequence in the polymer chain that represents digital data.
1. A method of storing digital data in non-biological sequence-controlled polymers, comprising:
converting a digital data file into a monomer block sequence;
synthesizing polymer chains according to the monomer block sequence, the polymer chains being non-biological sequence-controlled polymers, the polymer chains comprising alternating segments of rigid monomer blocks and flexible linkers having a persistence length of no more than two nanometers;
encapsulating the polymer chains into microfluidic droplets;
providing the microfluidic droplets with addresses by dyeing the microfluidic droplets with one or more optical fluorescent dyes; and
storing the microfluidic droplets organized by the addresses in a storage.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
sorting the microfluidic droplets according to the addresses;
sequencing the polymer chains to derive the monomer block sequence; and
converting the monomer block sequence to digital data.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein converting the digital file into a monomer block sequence uses a monomer alphabet having at least 2 characters.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein synthesizing polymer chains comprises using a first linker to attach a first monomer to a microbead, then repetitively attaching second linkers and then monomers to form the polymer chains, wherein the first linker is one of either the same as the second linkers or different than the second linkers.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first and second linkers are flexible segments of polymers that are charged.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein monomers that are used to encode the digital data are rigid and bulky molecular segments of distinct sizes.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein synthesizing the polymer chains comprises inkjet printing the reactants, reaction-promoting additives, the first and second linkers and the rigid monomer blocks into an array of microwells.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein synthesizing the polymer chains comprises one of flow chemistry, microfluidic reactors, microwell/surface-based catalysis, exposing a reaction solution to one of heat or electromagnetic radiation.
9. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein sorting the microfluidic droplets comprises at least one of using electric fields, magnetic fields, light sources, using microvalves, and acoustic tweezers.
10. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein sorting the microfluidic droplets comprises applying a light to the microfluidic droplets to cause the one or more optical fluorescent dyes to fluoresce and detecting the fluorescence as a fluorescence signature.
11. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein sequencing the polymer chains comprises at least one of: using solid-state nanopores, biological nanopores, using mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, AFM and probe-based microscopy.
12. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein sequencing the polymer chains comprises applying a voltage across a nanopore which induces the polymer chains to pass through a nanopore and then recording resulting current measurements.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein converting the monomer block sequence to digital data comprises correlating the resulting current measurements with particular monomers and then converting the monomer block sequence to binary data.
14. A polymer data storage system, comprising:
a first converter to convert digital data to a monomer sequence
a polymer synthesizer to produce polymer chains according to the monomer sequence using linkers having a persistence length of no more than two nanometers between monomers, the polymer chains being non-biological sequence-controlled polymers;
a fluidic encapsulation system to encapsulate the polymer chains in microfluidic droplets and to apply addressing materials to the microfluidic droplets;
a storage for storing the microfluidic droplets;
a droplet sorting system having at least an actuator to sort the microfluidic droplets;
a sequencer to derive the monomer sequence from the polymer chains contained in the microfluidic droplets; and
a second converter to convert the monomer sequence to digital data.
15. The system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the polymer synthesizer comprises at Last one of an inkjet printer, a flow reactor, a microfluidic reactor, or a microwell/surface-based catalysis fixture.
16. The system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the storage comprises one of a liquid storage, a frozen storage, a polymer shell encapsulated storage or a dehydrated storage.
17. The system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a light source, an electric actuator, a magnetic actuator, microvalves, and acoustic tweezers.
18. The system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the sequencer comprises one of a solid-state nanopore array, a biological nanopore array, a mass spectrometer, a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer, AFM, probe-based microscopy, electron microscopy, or a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.
19. A composition of matter comprising polymer chains, the polymer chains being non-biological sequence-controlled polymer, the polymer chains comprising alternating segments of flexible small persistence length linkers having a persistence length of no more than two nanometers and one or more rigid monomer blocks, wherein the one or more rigid monomer blocks are in a sequence in the polymer chains that represents digital data.