Developer carrying member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
Provided is a developer carrying member that can stably form a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developer carrying member includes an electroconductive support and a surface layer in the stated order, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin and electroconductive particles, and a content of the electroconductive particles in a region from a surface of the surface layer opposite to an outer surface thereof on a side facing the electroconductive support to a depth of 150 nm is 1% or more and 25% or less, and wherein the surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 −2 Ω·cm or more and 1.0×10 2 Ω·cm or less.
1. A developer carrying member comprising: an electroconductive support; and
a surface layer in the stated order,
wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin and electroconductive particles, and a content of the electroconductive particles in a region from a first surface of the surface layer opposite to a second surface thereof on a side facing the electroconductive support to a depth of 150 nm is 1% or more and 25% or less, and
wherein the surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 −2 Ω·cm or more and 1.0×10 2 Ω·cm or less.
2. The developer carrying member according to claim 1 , wherein the surface layer is directly provided on the electroconductive support.
3. The developer carrying member according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin contains a urethane resin.
4. The developer carrying member according to claim 3 , wherein the surface layer contains a cured product of a paint for forming the surface layer, the paint containing a polyisocyanate, a polyol, and the electroconductive particles.
5. The developer carrying member according to claim 4 , wherein a mixture containing the polyisocyanate and the polyol in the same content ratio as that in the paint has a SP value of 9.0 or more.
6. The developer carrying member according to claim 1 , wherein the electroconductive support has an outer surface containing at least one of aluminum or alumina.
7. The developer carrying member according to claim 1 , wherein the electroconductive particles are carbon black having a pH of 7.0 or less.
8. A process cartridge removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising at least:
a toner container containing toner; and
a developer carrying member configured to convey the toner,
wherein the developer carrying comprises member comprises an electroconductive support and a surface layer in the stated order,
the surface layer contains a binder resin and electroconductive particles,
a content of the electroconductive particles in a region from a first surface of the surface layer opposite to a second surface thereof on a side facing the electroconductive support to a depth of 150 nm is 1% or more and 25% or less, and
wherein the surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 −2 Ω·cm or more and 1.0×10 2 Ω·cm or less.
9. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising at least:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
a charging member arranged so as to be capable of charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
a developer carrying member configured to supply toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
wherein the developer carrying member comprises an electroconductive support and a surface layer in the stated order,
the surface layer contains a binder resin and electroconductive particles,
a content of the electroconductive particles in a region from a first surface of the surface layer opposite to a second surface thereof on a side facing the electroconductive support to a depth of 150 nm is 1% or more and 25% or less, and
wherein the surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 −2 Ω·cm or more and 1.0×10 2 Ω·cm or less.