Sodium-cesium vapor trap system and method
Sodium-cesium trap systems and methods for the simultaneous removal of both sodium (Na) and cesium (Cs) in gas are provided. The trap system includes a contacting vessel having an inlet and an outlet with carrier gas channeled therethrough. A heating system maintains a temperature gradient across the contacting vessel between a first temperature at the inlet and a second temperature at the outlet such that sodium and cesium contained within the carrier gas are condensed into liquid and the carrier gas exiting the vessel is substantially free of sodium and cesium.
1. A method for removing sodium and cesium from a carrier gas stream received from a sodium-cooled nuclear reactor comprising:
providing a vessel having an inlet at a first end and a gas outlet at the second end;
passing the carrier gas stream containing sodium and cesium into the inlet of the vessel;
flowing the carrier gas from the first end to the second end and out via the gas outlet;
controlling the temperature of the carrier gas such that carrier gas at the first end of the vessel is at a first temperature above 800° F. and the carrier gas at the second end of the vessel is at a second temperature less than 220° F., thereby causing the sodium and cesium to condense into sodium liquid and cesium liquid within the vessel such that the carrier gas exiting the gas outlet is substantially free of sodium and cesium; and
removing the condensed cesium liquid via a cesium outlet located in the vessel between the inlet and the gas outlet.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
allowing the condensed sodium liquid to flow via gravity out the inlet of the vessel.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
removing the condensed cesium liquid via the inlet by flushing the vessel with sodium.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising: channeling the condensed cesium liquid to a cesium getter via the cesium outlet.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: channeling the condensed cesium liquid to a reticulated vitreous carbon matrix via the cesium outlet.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
removing the condensed cesium liquid by heating the vessel such that the cesium liquid vaporized and is channeled out of the gas outlet and to a cesium getter.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
wherein no more than 0.0001% of the sodium and no more than 1% of the cesium that enters the vessel through the inlet exits the gas outlet with the carrier gas.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: before passing the carrier gas into the vessel, flushing the vessel with liquid sodium to coat surfaces of the vessel.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
preheating the carrier gas before entering the vessel.