Removable scribe friction stir welding (FSW) tool
A friction stir welding tool comprises a cylindrical shank, a shoulder portion disposed at a distal end of the shank, a pin extending from the shoulder, a cutting insert mounted within a concave portion at the distal end of the shank, and a scribe cutter mounted at a distal end of the cutting insert. The cutting insert extends distally through a channel in the pine, and the scribe cutter extends from a distal end surface of the pin in an offset position. The distal end surface of the pin is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the shank.
1. A method for forming a weld between at least two dissimilar materials using a friction stir welding tool, the method comprising:
providing the friction stir welding tool comprising a cylindrical shank, a shoulder portion disposed at a distal end of the shank, a pin extending from the shoulder, a cutting insert mounted within a concave portion at the distal end of the shank, wherein the cutting insert extends distally through a channel in the pin/probe, and a scribe cutter mounted at a distal end of the cutting insert and extending from a terminal end surface of the pin in an offset position, and wherein the terminal end surface of the pin is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the shank;
positioning at least two dissimilar materials in a weld stack with an overlap therebetween, wherein the at least two dissimilar materials comprise a first material and a second material, and wherein the overlap defines a weld interface of the at least two dissimilar materials being joined;
rotating the friction stir welding tool;
penetrating the first material of the weld stack to a preselected depth with the pin and the scribe cutter, wherein the pin and the scribe cutter penetrating into the first material and the scribe cutter penetrate the second material;
cutting, with the scribe cutter, a surface of the second material to introduce a plurality of features therein along the weld interface;
backfilling the plurality of features with extruded first material; and
forming mechanically interlocking features along the weld interface to form a weld between the dissimilar materials.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a higher melting temperature than a melting temperature of the first material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material and second material have melting temperatures that are different from each other by at least about 20% on an absolute temperature basis.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material and second material have densities that is different from each other by at least about 10%.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter is mounted to the cutting insert or the shank using mechanical fasteners.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter is made from a material selected from the group consisting of: tungsten carbide, nickel, titanium, tungsten, steel, carbide steel, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond, silicon nitride, rhenium, boron, and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter extends a below the surface of the pin to a distance of equal to or less than 50% of the distance the pin extends from the shoulder.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter extends a distance from the surface of the pin in the range from about 0.1 mm to about 3.0 mm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter includes a radial offset position from a center of the pin that is a distance of at least about one quarter of the radius of a base of the pin as measured from the center of the pin.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter rotates with a rotational velocity of between about 100 rpm and 3000 rpm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scribe cutter is angled at between 0 and 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the shank.
12. A friction stir welding tool comprising:
a cylindrical shank,
a shoulder portion disposed at a distal end of the shank,
a pin extending from the shoulder,
a cutting insert mounted within a concave portion at the distal end of the shank, wherein the cutting insert extends distally through a channel in the pin, and
a scribe cutter mounted at a distal end of the cutting insert, wherein the scribe cutter extends from a distal end surface of the pin in an offset position, wherein the distal end surface of the pin is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the shank.
13. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the shank, the pin, and the cutting insert comprise of H13 tool steel.
14. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter is made from a material selected from the group consisting of: tungsten carbide, nickel, titanium, tungsten, steel, carbide steel, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond, silicon nitride, rhenium, boron, and combinations thereof.
15. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter extends a distance below the distal end surface of the pin a distance of equal to or less than 50% of the distance the pin extends from the shoulder.
16. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter extends a distance below the distal end surface of the pin a distance in the range of from about 0.1 mm to about 3.0 mm.
17. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter includes a radial offset position from a center of the pin that is a distance of at least about one quarter of the radius of a base of the pin as measured from the center of the pin.
18. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter has a cutting geometry configured to shear a workpiece material, wherein a shape of the cutting geometry is selected from the group consisting of: an inverted cone, an inverted cuboid, a cylinder, an inverted squared pyramid, an inverted triangular pyramid, an inverted triangular prism, an inverted diamond, and an irregular polyhedron.
19. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the cutting insert is configured to mount two or more scribe cutters, wherein cutting edges of the two or more indexable scribe cutters are configured to contact a workpiece material.
20. The friction stir welding tool of claim 12 , wherein the scribe cutter is brazed, mechanically fastened, or attached to the cutting insert.